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Major cities with the lowest modelled solar exposure

Trondheim, Norway has the lowest solar exposure (modelled) of the 30 cities compared: 2.27 kWh/m²/day (NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology, 2001-2020).

JSON Markdown

NASA POWER annual mean daily surface shortwave energy ranked low to high. The report does not infer cloud-free or sunny-day counts.

Items compared
30
Countries represented
15
Last checked
2026-07-16

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Source-backed answers

Compare each answer with its unit and checked date; the complete source ledger is below.

Showing all 30 rows

Original rankCity or placeSource and scope
1Trondheim, Norway2.27 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
2Bergen, Norway2.37 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
3Tampere, Finland2.5 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
4Espoo, Finland2.57 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
5Helsinki, Finland2.57 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
6Oslo, Norway2.66 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
7Tallinn, Estonia2.71 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
8Dublin, Ireland2.74 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
9Limerick, Ireland2.78 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
10Stockholm, Sweden2.79 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
11Rīga, Latvia2.8 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
12Berlin, Germany2.83 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
13Göteborg, Sweden2.86 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
14Hamburg, Germany2.87 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
15Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland2.88 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
16Odense, Denmark2.89 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
17Malmö, Sweden2.91 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
18's-Gravenhage, Netherlands2.97 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
19Amsterdam, Netherlands2.97 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
20Wrocław, Poland3.02 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
21Rotterdam, Netherlands3.03 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
22Cork, Ireland3.03 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
23Charleroi, Belgium3.04 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
24Linz, Austria3.21 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
25Graz, Austria3.24 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
26Munich, Germany3.25 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
27Paris, France3.31 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
28Calgary, Canada3.51 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
29Cluj-Napoca, Romania3.51 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020
30Iași, Romania3.53 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city coordinate grid · Period: 2001-2020

What the numbers say

  • Trondheim, Norway leads at 2.27 kWh/m²/day.
  • Iași, Romania sits at the other end with 3.53 kWh/m²/day.
  • The middle of this ranking is 2.89 kWh/m²/day, across 30 places that publish the metric.
  • The spread between first and last is 1.26 kWh/m²/day.

Quick answer

What does Major cities with the lowest modelled solar exposure show?

Trondheim, Norway has the lowest solar exposure (modelled) of the 30 cities compared: 2.27 kWh/m²/day (NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology, 2001-2020).

How this list is built

Every row is a published solar exposure (modelled) observation measured in kWh/m²/day, ranked lowest first. The values were observed in 2001. A place appears only when it publishes this exact metric, so an absent place means missing data rather than a low value. Only published cities with at least 100,000 residents and city-level observations qualify.

  • Compare the displayed value, unit, source date and geographic grain together.
  • A city label does not change a regional observation into a city measurement.
Rows
30 places
Geographic grain
city coordinate grid
Observation period
2001-2020
Last checked
2026-07-16
With an official source link
30 of 30

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 16). Major cities with the lowest modelled solar exposure [ImmigrationDB compilation; version 7c34346223ce8634501f7261d13fa555]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/reports/major-cities-lowest-modelled-solar-exposure/ Retrieved 2026-10-16. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_major-cities-with-the-lowest-modelled-solar-exposure_a639d058e331,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Major cities with the lowest modelled solar exposure},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-16},
  version = {7c34346223ce8634501f7261d13fa555},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/reports/major-cities-lowest-modelled-solar-exposure/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-16. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Major cities with the lowest modelled solar exposure](https://immigrationdb.com/reports/major-cities-lowest-modelled-solar-exposure/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version 7c34346223ce8634501f7261d13fa555; retrieved 2026-10-16; built 2026-10-16.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

  1. NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatologyNASA POWER · Checked 2026-07-16