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Major cities with the lowest modelled solar exposure

NASA POWER annual mean daily surface shortwave energy ranked low to high. The report does not infer cloud-free or sunny-day counts.

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Trondheim, Norway is first in the current published ranking at 2.27 kWh/m²/day; compare its source date and geographic grain before using the result.

Items compared
30
Countries represented
12
Last checked
2026-07-16

Source-backed answers

Compare each answer with its unit and checked date; the complete source ledger is below.

Showing all 30 rows

Original rankCity or placeSource and scope
1Trondheim, Norway2.27 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
2Bergen, Norway2.37 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
3Tampere, Finland2.5 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
4Espoo, Finland2.57 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
5Helsinki, Finland2.57 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
6Oslo, Norway2.66 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
7Tartu linn, Estonia2.68 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
8Tallinn, Estonia2.71 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
9Pärnu, Estonia2.71 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
10Dublin, Ireland2.74 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
11Bolton (Bolton), United Kingdom2.75 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
12Limerick, Ireland2.78 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
13Stockholm, Sweden2.79 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
14Rīga, Latvia2.8 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
15Berlin, Germany2.83 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
16Göteborg, Sweden2.86 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
17Vilniaus municipality, Lithuania2.86 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
18Daugavpils, Latvia2.87 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
19Hamburg, Germany2.87 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
20Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland2.88 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
21Næstved, Denmark2.89 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
22Odense, Denmark2.89 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
23Cambridge (Cambridge), United Kingdom2.9 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
24Kauno municipality, Lithuania2.91 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
25Malmö, Sweden2.91 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
26Roskilde, Denmark2.91 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
27Liepāja, Latvia2.92 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
28Klaipėdos municipality, Lithuania2.93 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
29Swindon (Swindon), United Kingdom2.94 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020
30's-Gravenhage, Netherlands2.97 kWh/m²/day2026-07-16
Source Scope: city_coordinate_grid · Period: 2001-2020

What the numbers say

  • Trondheim, Norway leads at 2.27 kWh/m²/day.
  • 's-Gravenhage, Netherlands sits at the other end with 2.97 kWh/m²/day.
  • The middle of this ranking is 2.86 kWh/m²/day, across 30 places that publish the metric.
  • The spread between first and last is 0.697 kWh/m²/day.

What this measures

Every row is a published solar exposure (modelled) observation measured in kWh/m²/day, ranked lowest first. The values were observed in 2001. A place appears only when it publishes this exact metric, so an absent place means missing data rather than a low value.

  • Compare the displayed value, unit, source date and geographic grain together.
  • A city label does not change a regional observation into a city measurement.
Rows
30 places
Geographic grain
city_coordinate_grid
Observation period
2001-2020
Last checked
2026-07-16
With an official source link
30 of 30

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, September 12). Major cities with the lowest modelled solar exposure [ImmigrationDB compilation; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/reports/major-cities-lowest-modelled-solar-exposure/ Retrieved 2026-09-12. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_major-cities-with-the-lowest-modelled-solar-exposure_a639d058e331,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Major cities with the lowest modelled solar exposure},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-09-12},
  version = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  snapshot = {approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/reports/major-cities-lowest-modelled-solar-exposure/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-09-12. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Major cities with the lowest modelled solar exposure](https://immigrationdb.com/reports/major-cities-lowest-modelled-solar-exposure/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; snapshot approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; version approved-static-d7ed373c115d60d0; retrieved 2026-09-12; built 2026-09-12.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

  1. NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatologyNASA POWER · Checked 2026-07-16