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Living in Espoo

In Espoo, average gross earnings are €4,150 a month (2023) and unemployment is 10.4% (2024).

The foreign population count was 53,500, equal to 17.8% of residents at the end of 2024.

Last checked 2026-09-2449 sources

Population325,716people31 Dec 2025Official source · 11ra.px
Median gross salary (region)3,967EUR/month31 Dec 2024Official source · pxweb2.stat.fi
Average net rent18.82EUR/m²/month30 Jun 2026Independent source · Statistics Finland rents of dwellings, table 15fa
Unemployment rate10.4%country median 10.6% — 2% belowOfficial source · Statistics Finland key indicators of employment statistics by area, table 115x
Recorded crime7,549offences per 100,000country median 9,016 — 16% belowOfficial source · Statistics Finland municipal offences recorded, table 13ex
PM2.5, annual mean6µg/m³country median 4.9 — 22% aboveOfficial source · European Environment Agency

Less recorded crime than 64% of Finnish cities that publish it and dirtier air than 92% of Finnish cities that publish it.

Which Finland-wide rules apply when you move to Espoo?

National rules stay on the country page instead of being relabelled as city data.

Housing and cost

A city-level estimate placed average net cold rent at €18.82 per m² per month in June 2026. The listed rent for a one-bedroom home in the centre was €1,080 per month in 2026. Living space averaged 38.2 m² per person at the end of 2023.

How much does it cost to rent in Espoo?

Average net cold rent is 18.82 EUR/m² per month (June 2026), excluding heating and operating charges.

Published average over existing tenancies; a specific flat can sit either side of it. Asking-rent series, where present, are separate rows in the table.

  • Average net rent (nettokalt): 18.82 EUR/m²/month · Statistics Finland rents of dwellings, table 15fa49
What recurs every month6 published recurring costs, € per month
Espoo recurring monthly costs, € per month

€ / month

Private kindergarten€629
Utilities, 85 m² flat€98
Transport pass€72
Fitness club€56
Mobile plan, 10 GB€25
Internet, 60 Mbps€23

Supplemental estimate lane; these items are not official statistics.

Net rent across major citiesEspoo highlighted among comparable cities
Net rent across major cities with Espoo highlighted

net rent, € / m² / month

Järvenpää€16.41
Kerava€15.72
Porvoo€13.87
Riihimäki€13.02
Rauma€10.94
Kouvola€10.83
Show the other 3 cities
Kajaani€12.27
Kokkola€12.19
Kotka€12.17
MetricValuePeriodSource
Fitness club membership, monthly55.75 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo48Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Grocery basket, monthly95.64 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo48Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Internet, 60 Mbps unlimited22.5 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo48Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Private kindergarten, monthly628.7 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo48Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Meal at an inexpensive restaurant15 eur3 Aug 2026Numbeo48Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Mobile plan, 10 GB25.12 EUR/month31 Jul 2026Cost of Living in Espoo. Jun 2026. Prices in Espoo48Commercial estimate · Supplemental context
Monthly transport pass72.05 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo48Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Basic utilities, 85 m² home97.69 EUR/month3 Aug 2026Numbeo48Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Residential property price per m²4,800 EUR/m²31 Dec 2024Tilastokeskus — ASPE property27Official
Average net rent (nettokalt)18.82 EUR/m²/month30 Jun 2026Statistics Finland rents of dwellings, table 15fa49Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Typical rent deposit2 months1 Jan 2024www.finlex.fi43Official · national
One-bedroom listing, city centre1,080 EUR/month2026asunnot.oikotie.fi47Supplemental estimate · Supplemental context
Housing vacancy rate1.9 %31 Dec 2024ARA — Housing finance2Official

Cost of living

Fixed monthly costs for one person in an 85 m² flat were about €1,817 in the latest published figures. From a median gross salary of €3,967, that leaves €2,150 before income tax and social contributions.

Where a Espoo salary goesfixed monthly costs, share of the €1,817 basket · median gross salary €3,967/month
  • Net rent, 85 m² · 88%€1,600
  • Utilities, 85 m² · 5%€98
  • Transport pass · 4%€72
  • Internet and mobile · 3%€48

One person, 85 m² flat; the ring splits the €1,817 fixed basket before income tax and social contributions, latest published figures (checked 2026-08-27).

Is Espoo a good place to live?

There is no universal answer. The profile scores below show who the available published evidence may suit; they are a decision aid, not a personal recommendation.

Try your profile
Remote worker64%strong on work, weak on safety · range 55–73%
Skilled employee70%strong on work, weak on safety · range 62–78%
Student62%strong on education, weak on housing · range 54–70%
Family59%strong on family, weak on housing · range 51–67%
Retirement53%strong on legal route, weak on admin · range 43–63%

Worked out from these numbers

What does a 60 m² flat cost?

About 1,129 EUR a month in cold rent at the published average of 18.82 EUR/m² per month, before heating and operating charges.

Heating, water and operating charges come on top, and a specific flat can sit either side of an average.

Source period: June 2026

Work and income

The unemployment rate was 10.4% at the end of 2024. Average monthly gross earnings were €4,150 at the end of 2023. Regional disposable income was €27,500 per person per year at the end of 2024.

What is the unemployment rate in Espoo?

The unemployment rate is 10.4 % (2024). Source: Statistics Finland key indicators of employment statistics by area, table 115x21

Unemployment across cities in FinlandUnemployment in Espoo is 10.4%. Of 144 cities with data, 36 have unemployment of 8 to under 10%.

Unemployment rate (%)

MetricValuePeriodSource
Average gross earnings4,150 EUR/month31 Dec 2023pxdata.stat.fi13Official · maakunta
Fibre broadband coverage94 %31 Dec 2024Traficom — Laajakaistaselvitys (annual broadband survey)34Official
Disposable income per resident27,500 EUR/year31 Dec 2024Tilastokeskus — Regional accounts31Official
GDP per capita48,000 EUR/year31 Dec 2024Tilastokeskus — Regional accounts31Official
Fixed internet — average speed195 Mbps31 Dec 2024www.traficom.fi34Official
Job vacancies per 1,000 people8 vacancies per 1,00031 Dec 2024KEHA Centre / TEM8Official
Median salary43,800 EUR/year31 Dec 2023Tilastokeskus — Structure of Earnings (pra) + Vero tax records13Official
Median gross salary (regional)3,967 EUR/month31 Dec 2024pxweb2.stat.fi19Official
Unemployment rate10.4 %country median 10.6%31 Dec 2024Statistics Finland key indicators of employment statistics by area, table 115x21Official
Unemployment rate over time10 published observations, 2015–2024

Unemployment rate fell 1.7% between 2015 and 2024, from 10.6% to 10.4%.

What does a salary buy in Espoo?

Take-home pay after tax, minus rent and the everyday bills this city publishes. Each line names its source.

regional median gross pay: €3,967 (pxweb2.stat.fi, 2024-12-31).
Left over each month€1,514of €2,860 take-home
  • Rent
  • Utilities
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Mobile
  • Left over
Line-by-line breakdown and sources
Each month€
Take-home payOECD Taxing Wages 2025, single, no children. Includes central and local income tax and employee social contributions.€2,860
Rent, 60 m²€18.82/m² · market price · Statistics Finland rents of dwellings, table 15fa · 2026-06-30− €1,129
Public transport pass€72 · market price · Numbeo · 2026-08-03− €72
Utilities, 85 m²€98 · market price · Numbeo · 2026-08-03− €98
Internet€23 · market price · Numbeo · 2026-08-03− €23
Mobile plan€25 · market price · Cost of Living in Espoo. Jun 2026. Prices in Espoo · 2026-07-31− €25
Left over€1,514
Take-home pay for other salaries and households Compare with another city Check a job offer in Espoo Salary needed to live in Espoo

Public employment service

No exact public employment office is currently linked to Espoo. The verified national service may still offer online registration, job search or an official office finder.

Country-level information

Job Market Finland — Public employment service

Finnish public employment services

Job SearchRegistration

Country-level service information is not treated as proof of a physical office in Espoo. Sources checked through 10 Aug 2026.

Family and education

MetricValuePeriodSource
Children aged 0–6 enrolled in childcare80 %31 Dec 2024THL — Health statistics24Official
International schools5 count31 Dec 2024Vipunen — Education Statistics37Official
Schools85 count31 Dec 2024Vipunen — Education Statistics37Official
Average school rating (composite score)8.6 (0–10 index)31 Dec 2024Vipunen — KOSKI education statistics37Official

School for children who move here. School is compulsory from age 6 to 18, and public school is free. Newly arrived pupils get support in the school language: suomi/ruotsi toisena kielenä (S2) + valmistava opetus (preparatory education) + mother-tongue subsidies. How to enrol a child (oph.fi).

A country-wide rule for Finland; Espoo's school authority applies it locally.

Sources: eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu · 2025–2026.

Healthcare

MetricValuePeriodSource
General practitioners per 1,000 people1.3 GPs per 1,00031 Dec 2024THL — Health statistics24Official
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents3 beds per 100,00031 Dec 2024THL — Health statistics24Official
Physicians per 1,000 residents3.6 per 1,00031 Dec 2024THL — Healthcare personnel statistics25Official

Yes — migrants can receive medical care in Espoo when the national insurance or residence conditions are met.

Healthcare access follows the country-wide insurance rules; local capacity facts remain city data and are not used as proof of eligibility.

Open the official coverage guide
Hospital beds per 100,000 residents3 beds per 100,000Verified 2026-08-27
Country rule verified 2026-08-03.

Safety

How safe is Espoo?

Police recorded about 7,549 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source.

  • Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents: 7,549 offences per 100,000 · Statistics Finland municipal offences recorded, table 13ex22
Recorded crime across major citiesEspoo highlighted among comparable cities
Recorded crime across major cities with Espoo highlighted

recorded incidents per 100k residents

Vantaa13,982
Helsinki12,307
Turku11,977
Kouvola10,948
Tampere10,243
Lahti9,882
Jyväskylä9,685
Vaasa9,184
Kuopio9,025
Joensuu9,008
Oulu8,794
Espoo7,549
MetricValuePeriodSource
Recorded incidents per 100,000 residents7,549 offences per 100,000country median 9,01631 Dec 2024Statistics Finland municipal offences recorded, table 13ex22Official
Theft and burglary offences per 100,000 residents2,100 crimes per 100,00031 Dec 2024Tilastokeskus — POLRIK crime30Official
Violent crime per 100,000 residents60 crimes per 100,00031 Dec 2024Tilastokeskus — POLRIK crime30Official

Mobility and administration

MetricValuePeriodSource
Destinations from nearest airport88 count13 Jun 2026OpenFlights — routes.dat10Official
Nearest airportHEL13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv11Official
Distance to nearest airport21.1 km13 Jun 2026OurAirports — airports.csv11Official
Public transport monthly pass99.4 EUR/month31 Dec 2024Eurostat5Official
Public transport score92 (0–100 index)27 Aug 2026Traficom + HSL / Tampereen joukkoliikenne / Waltti Oulu / Föli35Official
Traffic accidents per 100,000 people140 accidents per 100,00031 Dec 2024Tilastokeskus — TIEL traffic32Official

Language courses and integration in Espoo

1 exact course-location record is linked to this city. Check the linked source for dates, availability and enrolment.

Verified locally
1verified local records
Exact city-linked record checked 2026-08-10. Provider-supplied records are supplemental and are not presented as official accreditation.

Find courses near Espoo

Climate and air quality

Is the air quality good in Espoo?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 6 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: European Environment Agency4

Annual mean at the measuring site(s) serving the city; current-day readings differ.

Temperature through the yearAverage daytime high and night-time low, °C
Rainfall through the yearAverage monthly precipitation, mm
Sunshine through the yearAverage monthly sunshine, hours
Air quality vs health guidelinesAnnual means against WHO 2021 guidelines and EU legal limits

City values from the published air-quality observations. WHO 2021 guidelines and EU limit values are published constants.

PM2.5 across cities in FinlandAnnual PM2.5 in Espoo is 6.0 µg/m³. Of 39 cities with data, 16 have annual PM2.5 of 5 to under 6 µg/m³.

Annual PM2.5 (µg/m³)

MetricValuePeriodSource
PM2.5 — annual mean6 µg/m³country median 4.931 Dec 2024European Environment Agency4Official
Average January temperature-3.6 °C31 Dec 1991Ilmatieteen laitos (FMI) — climatological normals 1991-20207Official
Annual mean temperature (modelled)6.24 °C2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology9Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
Annual precipitation (modelled)726.8 mm/year2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology9Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
January mean temperature (modelled)-3.25 °C2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology9Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
January minimum temperature (modelled)-23.92 °C2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology9Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
July maximum temperature (modelled)28.7 °C2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology9Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
July mean temperature (modelled)17.53 °C2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology9Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
Daily precipitation rate (modelled)1.99 mm/day2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology9Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
Solar exposure (modelled)2.57 kWh/m²/day2001-2020NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology9Modelled grid data · coordinate-grid estimate
Average daytime high by monthJan -0.7 · Feb -1.3 · Mar 2.3 · Apr 8.1 · May 14.6 · Jun 18.8 · Jul 21.9 · Aug 20.5 · Sep 15.4 · Oct 9.2 · Nov 4.4 · Dec 1.4 °C31 Dec 1991World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI38Official
Average night-time low by monthJan -5.6 · Feb -6.3 · Mar -3.6 · Apr 1.1 · May 6.4 · Jun 11.2 · Jul 14.5 · Aug 13.5 · Sep 9.3 · Oct 4.2 · Nov 0.4 · Dec -2.9 °C31 Dec 1991World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI39Official
Average temperature by monthJan -3.1 · Feb -3.8 · Mar -0.7 · Apr 4.4 · May 10.4 · Jun 14.9 · Jul 18.1 · Aug 16.9 · Sep 12.3 · Oct 6.6 · Nov 2.4 · Dec -0.7 °C31 Dec 1991World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI40Official
Average precipitation by monthJan 52.8 · Feb 38.3 · Mar 34.4 · Apr 34.1 · May 37.9 · Jun 60.1 · Jul 57.1 · Aug 81.4 · Sep 55.7 · Oct 73.3 · Nov 69.3 · Dec 58.3 mm31 Dec 1991World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI41Official
Average sunshine by monthJan 35 · Feb 71 · Mar 145.8 · Apr 203.1 · May 295.9 · Jun 278.1 · Jul 307.9 · Aug 247.9 · Sep 159.8 · Oct 88.5 · Nov 34.1 · Dec 23.3 hours31 Dec 1991World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI42Official
Annual sunshine1,800 hours/year1991-20en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi3Official
Frost days per year128 days31 Dec 2024FMI — Climate normals7Official
Heat-stress days per year2 days31 Dec 2024FMI — Climate normals7Official
Annual mean NO₂ concentration16 µg/m³31 Dec 2024SYKE — Environment Institute23Official
Annual mean PM10 concentration11.5 µg/m³31 Dec 2024SYKE — Environment Institute23Official
Annual mean PM2.5 concentration6.2 µg/m³31 Dec 2024SYKE — Environment Institute23Official
Annual PM2.5 over time12 published observations, 2013–2024

Annual PM2.5 fell 14.3% between 2013 and 2024, from 7.0 to 6.0.

Similar climate. In Finland: Vantaa ±1.1 °C. Elsewhere: Jönköping (Sweden) ±1.4 °C, Pärnu (Estonia) ±0.7 °C, Haninge (Sweden) ±1.2 °C, Tartu linn (Estonia) ±1.1 °C, Huddinge (Sweden) ±1.5 °C. Twenty closest, compared month by month

Monthly highs and lows against the 1991–2020 station normals of the nearest station; ± is the average monthly difference.

Population and city profile

How many people live in Espoo?

The published population was 325,716 people in 2025. Source: 11ra.px1

Who lives hereResidents by nationality, % of population

Calculated from the population and foreign-resident facts on this page.

MetricValuePeriodSource
Cars per 1,000 residents515 cars per 1,000 residents31 Dec 2024www.traficom.fi46Official
City area312.4 km²1 Jan 2024www.maanmittauslaitos.fi44Official
Foreign-resident share17.8 %31 Dec 2024Tilastokeskus — Immigrant background by area (vaerak/159t)28Official
Foreign residents53,500 people31 Dec 2024pxdata.stat.fi12Official
Population density977 people/km²31 Dec 2024pxdata.stat.fi12Official
Projected population change to 204015.2 %12 Jun 2026pxdata.stat.fi16Official · maakunta
Population325,716 people31 Dec 202511ra.px1Official
Students as a share of residents8.5 %31 Dec 2023pxdata.stat.fi18Official · maakunta

People and communities

MetricValuePeriodSource
No religion or other, share32.5 %31 Dec 2023pxdata.stat.fi17Official · maakunta

Additional context

MetricValuePeriodSource
Public bike-sharing availabletrue31 Dec 2024HSL — Helsinki Region Transport6Official
Cold-stress days per year5 days31 Dec 2024FMI — Climate normals7Official
5G coverage99 %31 Dec 2024Traficom — 5G coverage33Official
Dark days per year0 days31 Dec 2024FMI — Climate normals7Official
Public electric-vehicle charging points per 100,000 residents38 points per 100,00031 Dec 2024Traficom — Broadband survey34Official
Flood-zone risk categoryLow class31 Dec 2024SYKE — Environment Institute23Official
Gigabit broadband availability90 %31 Dec 2024Traficom — Broadband survey34Official
Green-space share45 %31 Dec 2024www.syke.fi45Official
Hot days per year7 days31 Dec 2024FMI — Climate normals7Official
Ice days per year52 days31 Dec 2024FMI — Climate normals7Official
Pre-primary attendance per 100 children aged 3–6 (can exceed 100)85 %31 Dec 2024thl.fi26Official
Childcare coverage, under 358 %31 Dec 2024thl.fi26Official
Living space per resident38.2 m²/person31 Dec 2023pxdata.stat.fi14Official · maakunta
Median age39.4 years31 Dec 2025StatFin: Key figures on population by region (population structure 31 December), median age of inhabitants20Official
Residents with a migration background24.5 %31 Dec 2023pxdata.stat.fi15Official · maakunta
Municipal tax rate18 %27 Aug 2026Vero Skatt — Kunnallisverotus (annual rates)36Official
Snow days per year77 days31 Dec 2024FMI — Climate normals7Official
Swedish-speaking residents6.7 %31 Dec 2024Tilastokeskus — Language by municipality (vaerak/11rm)29Official
Top nationalitiesEstonia, Russia, China, India, Sweden31 Dec 2024pxdata.stat.fi12Official
Tropical nights per year1 nights31 Dec 2024FMI — Climate normals7Official
Universities2 count31 Dec 2024Vipunen — Education Statistics37Official

Alternatives for people set on Espoo

Three places for the three reasons people leave a city on the shortlist: stay in the region, stay in the country, or keep the budget and change the country. A percentage appears only where both cities publish that metric from the same source, period and grain. Distances are straight lines — travel times are not collected yet.

Oulu as an Espoo alternative in the same country

Better on 3 of 7 metrics measured the same way, worse on 4.

  • Rent: €14.20/m² Oulu vs €18.82/m² Espoo−25%
  • Unemployment: 13.7% Oulu vs 10.4% Espoo+32%
  • Foreign residents: 7.2% Oulu vs 17.8% Espoo−60%
  • Recorded crime, per 100k: 8,794 Oulu vs 7,549 Espoo+16%
  • Annual PM2.5: 4.4 µg/m³ Oulu vs 6.0 µg/m³ Espoo−27%
  • Nearest airport: 10.5 km Oulu vs 21.1 km Espoo−50%
  • Median gross pay, region: €3,526 Oulu vs €3,967 Espoo−11%

Tallinn as an Espoo alternative in another country

Better on 3 of 3 metrics measured the same way, worse on 0. Rent and median gross pay, region cannot be compared like for like.

  • Rent: €7.33/m² (2008) Tallinn vs €18.82/m² (2026) Espoono percentage
  • Annual PM2.5: 3.0 µg/m³ Tallinn vs 6.0 µg/m³ Espoo−50%
  • Nearest airport: 5.6 km Tallinn vs 21.1 km Espoo−73%
  • Transport pass: €30 Tallinn vs €99 Espoo−70%
  • Median gross pay, region: €2,068 (2025) Tallinn vs €3,967 (2024) Espoono percentage

Alternatives with a better balance

same official-source families, comparable grain — left of gross salary after the same fixed costs

Nearby is not always better: the greyed row leaves less than Espoo at the same fixed-cost basket. Every alternative publishes the same metric families, each with its own source and date.

Alternative cities in Finland

Other cities in Finland to compare with Espoo, nearest in population first.

All Finland cities

How does Espoo compare?

Pick a city. The answer appears here and the address bar keeps it, so the comparison can be shared; the page stays Espoo's.

Espoo in rankings

Common questions

Answered from the published values on this page, each with its source and date.

Is Espoo expensive?

Fixed monthly costs for one person in an 85 m² flat — net rent, utilities, a transport pass, internet and mobile — came to about €1,817 against a median gross salary of €3,967, leaving about €2,150 before income tax. Sources: the rent, recurring-cost and salary series published on this page, each with its own source and date.

How many people live in Espoo?

The published population was 325,716 people in 2025. Source: 11ra.px.

How much does it cost to rent in Espoo?

Average net cold rent is 18.82 EUR/m² per month (June 2026), excluding heating and operating charges. For a 70 m² flat that is about 1,317 EUR a month before utilities. Source: Statistics Finland rents of dwellings, table 15fa.

Is the air quality good in Espoo?

The annual PM2.5 mean is 6 µg/m³ (2024) — above the WHO 2021 guideline of 5 µg/m³ but within the EU limit of 25 µg/m³. Source: European Environment Agency.

How safe is Espoo?

Police recorded about 7,549 incidents per 100,000 (2024). This counts all offences, so it is not comparable with a violent-crime-only rate from another source. Source: Statistics Finland municipal offences recorded, table 13ex.

What is the unemployment rate in Espoo?

The unemployment rate is 10.4 % (2024). Source: Statistics Finland key indicators of employment statistics by area, table 115x.

What is the typical salary around Espoo?

The median gross salary is 3,967 EUR/month. Source: pxweb2.stat.fi.

Is Espoo a good place to live?

Espoo may suit different people for different reasons. The page's profile scores compare published cost, work, housing, safety, healthcare and other available factors; they are a decision aid, not a universal recommendation.

Cite this page

Open a format to select or copy this ImmigrationDB compilation citation. The native disclosure and text fallback work without JavaScript.

APA citation
ImmigrationDB. (2026, October 29). Espoo, Finland: population, cost of living, rent, salary [ImmigrationDB compilation; version a5bcebf678ed21d85ad73b960151ccb5]. ImmigrationDB. https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fi/espoo/ Retrieved 2026-10-29. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BibTeX citation
@misc{immigrationdb_immigrationdb_espoo-finland-population-cost-of-living-rent-salary_2840e9fa2725,
  author = {ImmigrationDB},
  title = {Espoo, Finland: population, cost of living, rent, salary},
  publisher = {ImmigrationDB},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-29},
  version = {a5bcebf678ed21d85ad73b960151ccb5},
  url = {https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fi/espoo/},
  note = {Retrieved 2026-10-29. ImmigrationDB compilation. Compilation license: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
}
Markdown citation
[Espoo, Finland: population, cost of living, rent, salary](https://immigrationdb.com/cities/fi/espoo/) — ImmigrationDB; ImmigrationDB; version a5bcebf678ed21d85ad73b960151ccb5; retrieved 2026-10-29; built 2026-10-29.

This citation identifies the ImmigrationDB compilation/page. Underlying source publishers and datasets retain their own terms; inspect the Sources section and cite those records separately. View the underlying source records.

Sources

JSON Markdown
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  8. KEHA Centre / TEM temtyollisyyskatsaus.fi · checked 2026-06-12
  9. NASA POWER 20-year meteorological and solar climatology NASA POWER · power.larc.nasa.gov · checked 2026-10-29
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Show 39 more sources
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  19. Tilastokeskus — Language by municipality (vaerak/11rm) Tilastokeskus · pxdata.stat.fi · checked 2026-06-12
  20. Tilastokeskus — POLRIK crime Tilastokeskus · pxdata.stat.fi · checked 2026-06-12
  21. Tilastokeskus — Regional accounts Tilastokeskus · pxdata.stat.fi · checked 2026-07-14
  22. Tilastokeskus — TIEL traffic Tilastokeskus · pxdata.stat.fi · checked 2026-06-12
  23. Traficom — 5G coverage Traficom · traficom.fi · checked 2026-06-12
  24. Traficom — Laajakaistaselvitys (annual broadband survey) Traficom · traficom.fi · checked 2026-06-12
  25. Traficom + HSL / Tampereen joukkoliikenne / Waltti Oulu / Föli traficom.fi · checked 2026-06-12
  26. Vero Skatt — Kunnallisverotus (annual rates) Vero Skatt · vero.fi · checked 2026-06-12
  27. Vipunen — Education Statistics Vipunen · vipunen.fi · checked 2026-07-14
  28. World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI nodc.noaa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  29. World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI nodc.noaa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  30. World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI nodc.noaa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  31. World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI nodc.noaa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  32. World Meteorological Organization / NOAA NCEI nodc.noaa.gov · checked 2026-08-03
  33. www.finlex.fi finlex.fi · checked 2026-07-14
  34. www.maanmittauslaitos.fi maanmittauslaitos.fi · checked 2026-07-14
  35. www.syke.fi syke.fi · checked 2026-07-14
  36. www.traficom.fi traficom.fi · checked 2026-07-14
  37. asunnot.oikotie.fi asunnot.oikotie.fi · checked 2026-07-14
  38. Numbeo numbeo.com · checked 2026-08-03
  39. Statistics Finland rents of dwellings, table 15fa pxdata.stat.fi · checked 2026-07-26

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