City size often tracks recorded crime, but density may not
Often, but not reliably enough to make “smaller is safer” a rule. Among 8,089 places in 11 country samples, population has a positive Spearman coefficient with recorded crime per 100,000 in nine and a negative one in two. The range is -0.30 to +0.64, and the United States shows why size and density differ: +0.27 for population, -0.01 for density.
What we measured
We tested whether more populous places tend to rank higher on a published recorded-crime rate that is already normalised per 100,000 residents. More residents will mechanically produce more offences in total; that is not the question. The analysis asks whether the published rate per resident changes with city population.
The export contains 8,119 city-labelled rows across 21 countries. Eleven countries, containing 8,089 rows, meet the pre-set floor of at least 20 complete population-and-crime observations. The other ten countries contribute only 30 rows and are not given country coefficients. Each row receives equal weight, so this is a place-weighted analysis rather than a population-weighted one.
Population and density are separate variables. Population measures the number of residents inside the source boundary. Density divides population by land area. A geographically large municipality can contain many people without being crowded, while a compact municipality can be dense without having a very large population. Combining both into one idea of “big” would erase the article's main result.
Recorded crime is not all crime and is not an individual safety score. It is what a police force recorded and a public authority published. Reporting, detection, offence definitions and publication practice can affect the rate. The analysis therefore compares place rankings only within a country source context; a German rate and a US rate cannot be used to rank the two countries by safety.
The geographic grain is mixed: 5,710 rows use a city rate, 2,024 use German kreis_nuts3 district rates, 378 use municipality rates in Spain and seven use US police agency service areas. Germany is the main limitation. In 2,024 of its 2,061 rows, a city population is paired with a district crime rate that can repeat across several cities; only 37 rows carry city-grain crime. Germany's coefficient therefore describes the exported city-to-district matching, not a clean municipal relationship.
Crime periods are also not uniform. Portugal uses 2022; the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and most Spanish rows use 2024; Belgium, Sweden, Denmark and Lithuania use 2025; Germany is mostly 2022 with 37 later city observations. Population observations range from 2020 to 2026. The published crime rate was retained rather than recalculated with a different-year population field. Parent values inherited by subdivisions were excluded before analysis.
What the data shows
The direction is usually positive, but the estimates are too different to support one universal city-size rule. Across the 11 country samples, Spearman runs from -0.30 in Canada to +0.64 in Lithuania. Nine signs are positive and two negative, but a sign alone does not show how strong or stable the relationship is.
The strongest positive coefficients are Lithuania at +0.64 across 30 places, the Netherlands at +0.51 across 337, Belgium at +0.43 across 437, Denmark at +0.41 across 98 and Sweden at +0.37 across 200. Lithuania has the largest coefficient but one of the smallest samples; the Dutch and Belgian patterns carry substantially more observations.
The middle group is weaker. The United States is +0.27 across 4,134 places, the UK +0.23 across 23, Spain +0.20 across 425 and Germany +0.19 across 2,061. Germany's large n should not be read as equivalent to 2,061 independent municipal outcomes because its district rates repeat across city rows.
Canada has the largest negative estimate at -0.30 across 37 places, while Portugal is nearly flat at -0.07 across 307. These observed signs are inconsistent with a universal positive descriptive rule, but they do not establish a dependable negative rule. In an unadjusted Spearman test, eight positive country coefficients are distinguishable from zero at the 5% level; Canada, Portugal and the UK are not. Because the rows are spatially and administratively clustered, that test is a sensitivity check rather than formal national inference.
The pooled coefficient is +0.16 across all 8,119 rows, but it is not an average country effect. It ranks cities again after combining 21 non-equivalent recording systems. The United States supplies 50.9% of the rows, and the United States plus Germany supply 76.3%, so changes in sample composition can move the pooled result without changing any within-country relationship. The country estimates, not the pooled coefficient, answer the question.
Hover, focus, or tap a mark to inspect its exact values.
Use Arrow keys to move between marks. Home/End jump to the first/last mark. Page Up/Page Down move by 10 marks. Tab exits the chart. On small screens, swipe horizontally across the chart. Exact values are listed below.
View exact figure values
Figure conclusion: Population against the recorded-crime rate, by country. Mostly positive and mostly modest; Canada and Portugal run the other way.
| Mark | Group | Value | Unit | Sample/note | Exact detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | US | 0.281 | coefficient | 4,352 cities | US; Group: US; Value: 0.281 coefficient; 4,352 cities |
| BE | BE | 0.428 | coefficient | 498 cities | BE; Group: BE; Value: 0.428 coefficient; 498 cities |
| ES | ES | 0.195 | coefficient | 427 cities | ES; Group: ES; Value: 0.195 coefficient; 427 cities |
| NL | NL | 0.515 | coefficient | 331 cities | NL; Group: NL; Value: 0.515 coefficient; 331 cities |
| PT | PT | -0.052 | coefficient | 271 cities | PT; Group: PT; Value: -0.052 coefficient; 271 cities |
| SE | SE | 0.374 | coefficient | 199 cities | SE; Group: SE; Value: 0.374 coefficient; 199 cities |
| NO | NO | 0.436 | coefficient | 181 cities | NO; Group: NO; Value: 0.436 coefficient; 181 cities |
| DE | DE | 0.222 | coefficient | 121 cities | DE; Group: DE; Value: 0.222 coefficient; 121 cities |
| DK | DK | 0.419 | coefficient | 98 cities | DK; Group: DK; Value: 0.419 coefficient; 98 cities |
| FI | FI | 0.392 | coefficient | 63 cities | FI; Group: FI; Value: 0.392 coefficient; 63 cities |
| UK | UK | 0.253 | coefficient | 50 cities | UK; Group: UK; Value: 0.253 coefficient; 50 cities |
| CA | CA | -0.271 | coefficient | 36 cities | CA; Group: CA; Value: -0.271 coefficient; 36 cities |
| LT | LT | 0.638 | coefficient | 30 cities | LT; Group: LT; Value: 0.638 coefficient; 30 cities |
| Country | Cities | Size | Density | Median population | Median crime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | 4,352 | 0.28 | -0.01 | 14,699 | 1,617 |
| BE | 498 | 0.43 | 0.32 | 14,923 | 5,275.4 |
| ES | 427 | 0.20 | 0.39 | 36,373 | 4,560.9 |
| NL | 331 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 33,356 | 3,080 |
| PT | 271 | -0.05 | -0.16 | 17,131 | 2,720 |
| SE | 199 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 26,634 | 9,985 |
| NO | 181 | 0.44 | 0.20 | 13,538 | 4,450 |
| DE | 121 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 132,600 | 8,528 |
| DK | 98 | 0.42 | 0.60 | 44,215 | 5,709.2 |
| FI | 63 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 33,704 | 8,849 |
| UK | 50 | 0.25 | — | 202,283 | 9,743.6 |
| CA | 36 | -0.27 | -0.06 | 144,650 | 5,298.5 |
| LT | 30 | 0.64 | 0.45 | 52,216 | 1,494.8 |
| Country | Cities | Smallest tenth | Largest tenth | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | 4,352 | 1,145.9 | 2,570 | 2.24 |
| BE | 498 | 4,259.2 | 8,350.9 | 1.96 |
| ES | 427 | 4,235.3 | 4,866.9 | 1.15 |
| NL | 331 | 2,690 | 5,520 | 2.05 |
| PT | 271 | 2,780 | 2,570 | 0.92 |
| SE | 199 | 9,166 | 12,832 | 1.40 |
| NO | 181 | 3,710 | 6,210 | 1.67 |
| DE | 121 | 8,437.3 | 11,132.2 | 1.32 |
| DK | 98 | 4,673.7 | 7,110.1 | 1.52 |
| FI | 63 | 7,166.3 | 11,110.3 | 1.55 |
| UK | 50 | 9,865.9 | 11,415.8 | 1.16 |
| CA | 36 | 4,417 | 4,177 | 0.95 |
| LT | 30 | 1,315.1 | 1,929.2 | 1.47 |
Hover, focus, or tap a mark to inspect its exact values.
Use Arrow keys to move between marks. Home/End jump to the first/last mark. Page Up/Page Down move by 10 marks. Tab exits the chart. On small screens, swipe horizontally across the chart. Exact values are listed below.
View exact figure values
Figure conclusion: Every paired city: population against offences per 100,000 residents. The rate is already population-normalised, so a slope here is a finding rather than arithmetic.
- Aartselaar; Group: BE; Population: 15085; Offences per 100k: 4534.3
- Brasschaat; Group: BE; Population: 38529; Offences per 100k: 6159
- Hove (Anvers); Group: BE; Population: 8400; Offences per 100k: 4607.1
- Mortsel; Group: BE; Population: 26961; Offences per 100k: 6906.3
- Schilde; Group: BE; Population: 20476; Offences per 100k: 4014.5
- Wommelgem; Group: BE; Population: 13642; Offences per 100k: 6406.7
- Berlaar; Group: BE; Population: 12151; Offences per 100k: 4205.4
- Lierre; Group: BE; Population: 38747; Offences per 100k: 7247
- Willebroek; Group: BE; Population: 28923; Offences per 100k: 5594.2
- Beerse; Group: BE; Population: 18780; Offences per 100k: 3817.9
- Herenthout; Group: BE; Population: 9464; Offences per 100k: 2905.7
- Lille; Group: BE; Population: 17175; Offences per 100k: 4873.4
- Oud-Turnhout; Group: BE; Population: 15211; Offences per 100k: 3412.462908
- Turnhout; Group: BE; Population: 48490; Offences per 100k: 8484.2
- Anderlecht; Group: BE; Population: 129600; Offences per 100k: 11115.7
- Evere; Group: BE; Population: 45984; Offences per 100k: 6150
- Koekelberg; Group: BE; Population: 22578; Offences per 100k: 7560.5
- Schaerbeek; Group: BE; Population: 129278; Offences per 100k: 10140.9
- Asse; Group: BE; Population: 36018; Offences per 100k: 5979.583275
- Hoeilaart; Group: BE; Population: 11521; Offences per 100k: 3781.368168
- Machelen (Hal-Vilvorde); Group: BE; Population: 17115; Offences per 100k: 7957.287645
- Overijse; Group: BE; Population: 26452; Offences per 100k: 4389.6804
- Zaventem; Group: BE; Population: 37518; Offences per 100k: 7601.701385
- Rhode-Saint-Genèse; Group: BE; Population: 18622; Offences per 100k: 3948.001926
- Aarschot; Group: BE; Population: 31948; Offences per 100k: 6866.208491
- Bierbeek; Group: BE; Population: 10926; Offences per 100k: 4632.618189
- Haacht; Group: BE; Population: 15811; Offences per 100k: 4633.92627
- Keerbergen; Group: BE; Population: 13447; Offences per 100k: 3278.688525
- Lubbeek; Group: BE; Population: 15290; Offences per 100k: 3398.571806
- Tirlemont; Group: BE; Population: 36962; Offences per 100k: 7580.437932
- Tielt-Winge; Group: BE; Population: 11585; Offences per 100k: 3765.942778
- Chaumont-Gistoux; Group: BE; Population: 11918; Offences per 100k: 4489
- Ittre; Group: BE; Population: 6918; Offences per 100k: 9684.9
- Nivelles; Group: BE; Population: 29830; Offences per 100k: 10985.6
- Waterloo; Group: BE; Population: 30386; Offences per 100k: 6394.4
- Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve; Group: BE; Population: 31823; Offences per 100k: 8355.6
- Blankenberge; Group: BE; Population: 20741; Offences per 100k: 12713.9
- Oostkamp; Group: BE; Population: 24102; Offences per 100k: 3398.1
- Houthulst; Group: BE; Population: 10543; Offences per 100k: 4344.1
- Wervik; Group: BE; Population: 19234; Offences per 100k: 6566.5
- Avelgem; Group: BE; Population: 10426; Offences per 100k: 4249
- Kuurne; Group: BE; Population: 14308; Offences per 100k: 4556.9
- Zwevegem; Group: BE; Population: 26035; Offences per 100k: 3529.9
- Ostende; Group: BE; Population: 73000; Offences per 100k: 10786.3
- Izegem; Group: BE; Population: 29444; Offences per 100k: 6225.4
- Roulers; Group: BE; Population: 67697; Offences per 100k: 7758.1
- Wielsbeke; Group: BE; Population: 10282; Offences per 100k: 3938.9
- Koksijde; Group: BE; Population: 21072; Offences per 100k: 6923.9
- Grammont; Group: BE; Population: 35338; Offences per 100k: 7646.2
- Ninove; Group: BE; Population: 40879; Offences per 100k: 6663.6
- Buggenhout; Group: BE; Population: 15203; Offences per 100k: 4617.5
- Waasmunster; Group: BE; Population: 11532; Offences per 100k: 5202.9
- Eeklo; Group: BE; Population: 22911; Offences per 100k: 7974.3
- Destelbergen; Group: BE; Population: 19223; Offences per 100k: 4505
- Oosterzele; Group: BE; Population: 14150; Offences per 100k: 3639.6
- Lievegem; Group: BE; Population: 27502; Offences per 100k: 5272.3
- Renaix; Group: BE; Population: 27731; Offences per 100k: 7763.9
- Maarkedal; Group: BE; Population: 6289; Offences per 100k: 3100.7
- Saint-Nicolas (Saint-Nicolas); Group: BE; Population: 83400; Offences per 100k: 2076.7
- Ath; Group: BE; Population: 30235; Offences per 100k: 6472.6
- Frasnes-lez-Anvaing; Group: BE; Population: 12211; Offences per 100k: 5323.1
- Charleroi; Group: BE; Population: 206900; Offences per 100k: 14026.1
- Fleurus; Group: BE; Population: 23037; Offences per 100k: 6793.4
- Aiseau-Presles; Group: BE; Population: 10964; Offences per 100k: 3994.9
- Hensies; Group: BE; Population: 6828; Offences per 100k: 7410.7
- Saint-Ghislain; Group: BE; Population: 23969; Offences per 100k: 7363.7
- Braine-le-Comte; Group: BE; Population: 23761; Offences per 100k: 6775.8
- Manage; Group: BE; Population: 24249; Offences per 100k: 7501.3
- Lobbes; Group: BE; Population: 5950; Offences per 100k: 5596.6
- Celles (Tournai); Group: BE; Population: 5732; Offences per 100k: 4675.5
- Rumes; Group: BE; Population: 5351; Offences per 100k: 4036.6
- Comines-Warneton; Group: BE; Population: 18286; Offences per 100k: 7114.7
- Amay; Group: BE; Population: 14488; Offences per 100k: 6812.5
- Marchin; Group: BE; Population: 5690; Offences per 100k: 4007
- Engis; Group: BE; Population: 6324; Offences per 100k: 8491.5
- Beyne-Heusay; Group: BE; Population: 11978; Offences per 100k: 5919.2
- Fléron; Group: BE; Population: 16451; Offences per 100k: 6662.2
- Saint-Nicolas (Liège); Group: BE; Population: 24529; Offences per 100k: 7061
- Visé; Group: BE; Population: 18097; Offences per 100k: 7476.4
- Trooz; Group: BE; Population: 8290; Offences per 100k: 6622.4
- Eupen; Group: BE; Population: 20145; Offences per 100k: 6825.5
- Lontzen; Group: BE; Population: 6080; Offences per 100k: 4440.8
- Saint-Vith; Group: BE; Population: 10191; Offences per 100k: 4435.3
- Waimes; Group: BE; Population: 7524; Offences per 100k: 2990.4
- Hannut; Group: BE; Population: 17295; Offences per 100k: 6487.4
- Beringen; Group: BE; Population: 49034; Offences per 100k: 5838.8
- Halen; Group: BE; Population: 9584; Offences per 100k: 4872.7
- Saint-Trond; Group: BE; Population: 41987; Offences per 100k: 7852.4
- Hasselt; Group: BE; Population: 90914; Offences per 100k: 9030.5
- Maaseik; Group: BE; Population: 25896; Offences per 100k: 5085.7
- Houthalen-Helchteren; Group: BE; Population: 30879; Offences per 100k: 6444.5
- Heers; Group: BE; Population: 7595; Offences per 100k: 4397.6
- Bilzen-Hoeselt; Group: BE; Population: 43228; Offences per 100k: 4700.7
- Messancy; Group: BE; Population: 8637; Offences per 100k: 4619.7
- Gouvy; Group: BE; Population: 5423; Offences per 100k: 6306.5
- Nassogne; Group: BE; Population: 5714; Offences per 100k: 5635.3
- Neufchâteau (Neufchâteau); Group: BE; Population: 8388; Offences per 100k: 7248.5
- Etalle; Group: BE; Population: 6040; Offences per 100k: 4238.4
- Anhée; Group: BE; Population: 7094; Offences per 100k: 4835.1
- Havelange; Group: BE; Population: 5444; Offences per 100k: 3361.5
- Hastière; Group: BE; Population: 6077; Offences per 100k: 6170.8
- Fosses-la-Ville; Group: BE; Population: 10513; Offences per 100k: 6230.4
- Profondeville; Group: BE; Population: 12287; Offences per 100k: 4907.6
- Jemeppe-sur-Sambre; Group: BE; Population: 19244; Offences per 100k: 6256.5
- Florennes; Group: BE; Population: 11434; Offences per 100k: 7932.5
- Fredericton; Group: CA; Population: 66879; Offences per 100k: 5314
- Moncton; Group: CA; Population: 85802; Offences per 100k: 7129
- Saint John; Group: CA; Population: 73611; Offences per 100k: 4417
- Gatineau; Group: CA; Population: 292524; Offences per 100k: 3756
- Chilliwack; Group: CA; Population: 93203; Offences per 100k: 11352
- Saguenay; Group: CA; Population: 144723; Offences per 100k: 3366
- Edmonton; Group: CA; Population: 1010899; Offences per 100k: 7108
- Calgary; Group: CA; Population: 1413800; Offences per 100k: 4796
- Braunschweig; Group: DE; Population: 254867; Offences per 100k: 8447
- Dusseldorf; Group: DE; Population: 659615; Offences per 100k: 12172
- Moenchengladbach; Group: DE; Population: 277662; Offences per 100k: 9438
- Bonn; Group: DE; Population: 338224; Offences per 100k: 10116
- Bielefeld; Group: DE; Population: 343507; Offences per 100k: 8264
- Frankfurt am Main; Group: DE; Population: 781337; Offences per 100k: 14590.3896484375
- Mainz; Group: DE; Population: 224030; Offences per 100k: 7261
- Nuremberg; Group: DE; Population: 547913; Offences per 100k: 7079
- Rostock; Group: DE; Population: 211993; Offences per 100k: 8822.5595703125
- Magdeburg; Group: DE; Population: 245834; Offences per 100k: 11305.75
- Holzen; Group: DE; Population: 484; Offences per 100k: 11838.7
- Coburg; Group: DE; Population: 41064; Offences per 100k: 7166.77001953125
- Suhl; Group: DE; Population: 34685; Offences per 100k: 13197.51953125
- Neuss; Group: DE; Population: 161704; Offences per 100k: 9678.853850466929
- Regensburg; Group: DE; Population: 179329; Offences per 100k: 9395
- Offenbach am Main; Group: DE; Population: 145669; Offences per 100k: 6046
- Reutlingen; Group: DE; Population: 117499; Offences per 100k: 6184.192764578834
- Moers; Group: DE; Population: 106150; Offences per 100k: 6665.340984413764
- Hildesheim; Group: DE; Population: 106651; Offences per 100k: 9284.143659907159
- Gera; Group: DE; Population: 95608; Offences per 100k: 10415.650390625
- Dessau-Rosslau; Group: DE; Population: 75402; Offences per 100k: 8649.169921875
- Bayreuth; Group: DE; Population: 72940; Offences per 100k: 7115.22998046875
- Weimar; Group: DE; Population: 65954; Offences per 100k: 7725.89013671875
- Neustadt an der Weinstrasse; Group: DE; Population: 52945; Offences per 100k: 7272.68994140625
- Frankenthal Pfalz; Group: DE; Population: 48140; Offences per 100k: 7675.9599609375
- Aalborg; Group: DK; Population: 226033; Offences per 100k: 6774.242337
- Allerød; Group: DK; Population: 26128; Offences per 100k: 5277.686801
- Brøndby; Group: DK; Population: 40990; Offences per 100k: 9214.550854
- Egedal; Group: DK; Population: 45563; Offences per 100k: 4915.477438
- Faxe; Group: DK; Population: 37820; Offences per 100k: 5139.08099
- Frederikshavn; Group: DK; Population: 57882; Offences per 100k: 5907.973867
- Glostrup; Group: DK; Population: 24869; Offences per 100k: 14712.451145
- Halsnæs; Group: DK; Population: 31633; Offences per 100k: 5028.824191
- Hillerød; Group: DK; Population: 54855; Offences per 100k: 8305.872597
- Holstebro; Group: DK; Population: 59201; Offences per 100k: 6425.694683
- Ishøj; Group: DK; Population: 24365; Offences per 100k: 8575.400963
- Kolding; Group: DK; Population: 95897; Offences per 100k: 6398.348813
- Lolland; Group: DK; Population: 39122; Offences per 100k: 8672.576694
- Norddjurs; Group: DK; Population: 36658; Offences per 100k: 5476.686226
- Odense; Group: DK; Population: 213168; Offences per 100k: 8855.64182
- Ringsted; Group: DK; Population: 36286; Offences per 100k: 6284.32372
- Silkeborg; Group: DK; Population: 101574; Offences per 100k: 5311.239844
- Sønderborg; Group: DK; Population: 74096; Offences per 100k: 4881.206094
- Svendborg; Group: DK; Population: 60001; Offences per 100k: 5684.198048
- Vallensbæk; Group: DK; Population: 18322; Offences per 100k: 6848.48891
- Viborg; Group: DK; Population: 97621; Offences per 100k: 5303.103901
- Montcada/Moncada; Group: ES; Population: 22213; Offences per 100k: 4346.84
- Zaragoza; Group: ES; Population: 693091; Offences per 100k: 4150.74
- Silla; Group: ES; Population: 20482; Offences per 100k: 4623.571917
- Lugo; Group: ES; Population: 100143; Offences per 100k: 3948.45
- Roses; Group: ES; Population: 20365; Offences per 100k: 9576.66
- Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las; Group: ES; Population: 381868; Offences per 100k: 5175.9
- Soria; Group: ES; Population: 41025; Offences per 100k: 4304.29
- Sabadell; Group: ES; Population: 225368; Offences per 100k: 4803.83
- Jerez de la Frontera; Group: ES; Population: 213634; Offences per 100k: 5246.43
- Calella; Group: ES; Population: 20864; Offences per 100k: 5727.569018
- Blanes; Group: ES; Population: 42699; Offences per 100k: 5230.11
- Barbate; Group: ES; Population: 22635; Offences per 100k: 5310.67
- Ames; Group: ES; Population: 33276; Offences per 100k: 3312.81
- Huércal-Overa; Group: ES; Population: 20860; Offences per 100k: 3328.64
- Vic; Group: ES; Population: 50796; Offences per 100k: 5170.6
- Almansa; Group: ES; Population: 24615; Offences per 100k: 2771.71
- Terrassa; Group: ES; Population: 233270; Offences per 100k: 4288.44
- Vitoria-Gasteiz; Group: ES; Population: 260699; Offences per 100k: 4916.014
- Hernani; Group: ES; Population: 20375; Offences per 100k: 3571.6
- Avilés; Group: ES; Population: 75517; Offences per 100k: 3097.5
- Ciudad Real; Group: ES; Population: 76217; Offences per 100k: 4022.725
- Granollers; Group: ES; Population: 65341; Offences per 100k: 5112.1
- Santa Coloma de Gramenet; Group: ES; Population: 123981; Offences per 100k: 4351.38
- Castelldefels; Group: ES; Population: 70057; Offences per 100k: 4816.41
- Gavà; Group: ES; Population: 48243; Offences per 100k: 4543.09
- Sant Andreu de la Barca; Group: ES; Population: 27094; Offences per 100k: 2383.42
- Sant Vicenç dels Horts; Group: ES; Population: 28746; Offences per 100k: 4645.06
- Cádiz; Group: ES; Population: 109950; Offences per 100k: 5020.11
- León; Group: ES; Population: 123446; Offences per 100k: 5415.44
- Illescas; Group: ES; Population: 33301; Offences per 100k: 6057.4
- Crevillent; Group: ES; Population: 30921; Offences per 100k: 3455.94
- Cartagena; Group: ES; Population: 220704; Offences per 100k: 4577.624
- Villaviciosa de Odón; Group: ES; Population: 30127; Offences per 100k: 4478.53
- Coslada; Group: ES; Population: 80512; Offences per 100k: 4439.08
- Arroyo de la Encomienda; Group: ES; Population: 22800; Offences per 100k: 6439.73
- Aspe; Group: ES; Population: 22397; Offences per 100k: 3832.67
- Móstoles; Group: ES; Population: 214817; Offences per 100k: 4022.32
- Irun; Group: ES; Population: 63835; Offences per 100k: 6494.28
- Puertollano; Group: ES; Population: 45565; Offences per 100k: 3763.854
- Paterna; Group: ES; Population: 76019; Offences per 100k: 4467.94
- Águilas; Group: ES; Population: 37811; Offences per 100k: 5099.045
- Linares; Group: ES; Population: 55633; Offences per 100k: 3240.98
- Úbeda; Group: ES; Population: 33588; Offences per 100k: 3079.53
- Llanos de Aridane, Los; Group: ES; Population: 20582; Offences per 100k: 2825.03
- Agüimes; Group: ES; Population: 33800; Offences per 100k: 4162.27
- Algete; Group: ES; Population: 21144; Offences per 100k: 4110.17
- Amposta; Group: ES; Population: 23080; Offences per 100k: 5597.03
- Aranjuez; Group: ES; Population: 63040; Offences per 100k: 4520.64
- Barakaldo; Group: ES; Population: 102986; Offences per 100k: 5195.91
- Baza; Group: ES; Population: 20587; Offences per 100k: 4396.46
- Arrasate/Mondragón; Group: ES; Population: 22450; Offences per 100k: 3461.024
- Mijas; Group: ES; Population: 95104; Offences per 100k: 6223.88
- Alcoi/Alcoy; Group: ES; Population: 61468; Offences per 100k: 3818
- Manacor; Group: ES; Population: 49153; Offences per 100k: 4715.66
- Roquetas de Mar; Group: ES; Population: 111240; Offences per 100k: 5869.75
- Vila-seca; Group: ES; Population: 23917; Offences per 100k: 6900.03
- Torrelodones; Group: ES; Population: 25433; Offences per 100k: 4649.23
- Armilla; Group: ES; Population: 25300; Offences per 100k: 7163.94
- Antequera; Group: ES; Population: 41849; Offences per 100k: 3496
- Toledo; Group: ES; Population: 87216; Offences per 100k: 4716.5
- Morón de la Frontera; Group: ES; Population: 27210; Offences per 100k: 4194.21
- Puerto de la Cruz; Group: ES; Population: 31137; Offences per 100k: 8264.02
- Marín; Group: ES; Population: 23991; Offences per 100k: 2848.39
- Pozuelo de Alarcón; Group: ES; Population: 89770; Offences per 100k: 2698.65
- Castrillón; Group: ES; Population: 21998; Offences per 100k: 2933.47
- Alcázar de San Juan; Group: ES; Population: 31914; Offences per 100k: 2998.53
- San Bartolomé de Tirajana; Group: ES; Population: 54291; Offences per 100k: 8132.53
- Girona; Group: ES; Population: 108666; Offences per 100k: 7017.53
- Collado Villalba; Group: ES; Population: 67274; Offences per 100k: 4997.15
- Xàtiva; Group: ES; Population: 31008; Offences per 100k: 4602.01
- San Pedro del Pinatar; Group: ES; Population: 29674; Offences per 100k: 6025.477
- Basauri; Group: ES; Population: 40274; Offences per 100k: 4776.17
- Benicarló; Group: ES; Population: 30296; Offences per 100k: 7146.158
- Valls; Group: ES; Population: 25518; Offences per 100k: 5577.51
- Vilafranca del Penedès; Group: ES; Population: 42607; Offences per 100k: 6727.06
- Campello, el; Group: ES; Population: 31419; Offences per 100k: 4232.03
- Puerto Real; Group: ES; Population: 42527; Offences per 100k: 3205.14
- Coruña, A; Group: ES; Population: 251543; Offences per 100k: 5018.84
- Málaga; Group: ES; Population: 599063; Offences per 100k: 6341.56
- Pinto; Group: ES; Population: 56651; Offences per 100k: 5372.93
- Jumilla; Group: ES; Population: 27574; Offences per 100k: 4944.43
- Orotava, La; Group: ES; Population: 42514; Offences per 100k: 4217.45
- Cabra; Group: ES; Population: 19995; Offences per 100k: 4281.07
- Vila Joiosa, la/Villajoyosa; Group: ES; Population: 37449; Offences per 100k: 5741.24
- Marratxí; Group: ES; Population: 40422; Offences per 100k: 4563.49
- Gáldar; Group: ES; Population: 25108; Offences per 100k: 3276.77
- Ontinyent; Group: ES; Population: 37012; Offences per 100k: 3030.47
- Sant Josep de sa Talaia; Group: ES; Population: 29761; Offences per 100k: 10339.13
- Cullera; Group: ES; Population: 24702; Offences per 100k: 9333.77
- Arteixo; Group: ES; Population: 34403; Offences per 100k: 4174.75
- Seinäjoki; Group: FI; Population: 66611; Offences per 100k: 8268.9
- Pietarsaari; Group: FI; Population: 19657; Offences per 100k: 8377.6
- Nokia; Group: FI; Population: 36176; Offences per 100k: 7358.5
- Hyvinkää; Group: FI; Population: 47015; Offences per 100k: 8062.8
- Vantaa; Group: FI; Population: 252956; Offences per 100k: 13981.8
- Äänekoski; Group: FI; Population: 17740; Offences per 100k: 9075.5
- Lappeenranta; Group: FI; Population: 73241; Offences per 100k: 9722.2
- Oulu; Group: FI; Population: 217469; Offences per 100k: 8793.8
- Nurmijärvi; Group: FI; Population: 45048; Offences per 100k: 7383.2
- Muurame; Group: FI; Population: 10614; Offences per 100k: 4814.4
- Kaarina; Group: FI; Population: 36675; Offences per 100k: 6801.5
- Heinola; Group: FI; Population: 17829; Offences per 100k: 11677.6
- Hollola; Group: FI; Population: 22849; Offences per 100k: 5457.6
- Marijampolė; Group: LT; Population: 53498; Offences per 100k: 1343.1
- Utenos municipality; Group: LT; Population: 37099; Offences per 100k: 940.7
- Šilutės municipality; Group: LT; Population: 37906; Offences per 100k: 1408.3
- Kėdainių municipality; Group: LT; Population: 44998; Offences per 100k: 1408.9
- Klaipėdos municipality; Group: LT; Population: 60018; Offences per 100k: 1696.6
- Klaipėdos municipality; Group: LT; Population: 160026; Offences per 100k: 1696.6
- Enschede; Group: NL; Population: 162683; Offences per 100k: 5920
- Oldenzaal; Group: NL; Population: 32033; Offences per 100k: 3170
- Rijssen-Holten; Group: NL; Population: 39274; Offences per 100k: 2310
- Wierden; Group: NL; Population: 25547; Offences per 100k: 2900
- De Bilt; Group: NL; Population: 43687; Offences per 100k: 3760
- Soest; Group: NL; Population: 47853; Offences per 100k: 3260
- IJsselstein; Group: NL; Population: 33171; Offences per 100k: 3130
- Oudewater; Group: NL; Population: 10513; Offences per 100k: 2100
- Goes; Group: NL; Population: 40387; Offences per 100k: 4870
- Schouwen-Duiveland; Group: NL; Population: 34409; Offences per 100k: 3240
- Veere; Group: NL; Population: 22037; Offences per 100k: 3610
- Voorne aan Zee; Group: NL; Population: 75012; Offences per 100k: 3220
- Oost Gelre; Group: NL; Population: 29868; Offences per 100k: 2240
- Kaag en Braassem; Group: NL; Population: 29467; Offences per 100k: 2350
- Súdwest-Fryslân; Group: NL; Population: 90521; Offences per 100k: 2980
- Barneveld; Group: NL; Population: 63926; Offences per 100k: 3060
- Gooise Meren; Group: NL; Population: 61213; Offences per 100k: 4240
- Barendrecht; Group: NL; Population: 48701; Offences per 100k: 3580
- Vlaardingen; Group: NL; Population: 77480; Offences per 100k: 4740
- Zuidplas; Group: NL; Population: 49291; Offences per 100k: 3660
- Gorinchem; Group: NL; Population: 39060; Offences per 100k: 3940
- Tilburg; Group: NL; Population: 230746; Offences per 100k: 5560
- Rotterdam; Group: NL; Population: 673804; Offences per 100k: 8200
- Het Hogeland; Group: NL; Population: 48073; Offences per 100k: 2380
- Beekdaelen; Group: NL; Population: 35903; Offences per 100k: 3140
- Lisse; Group: NL; Population: 23842; Offences per 100k: 2860
- Dantumadiel; Group: NL; Population: 19231; Offences per 100k: 1800
- Berkelland; Group: NL; Population: 43986; Offences per 100k: 2310
- Woerden; Group: NL; Population: 54199; Offences per 100k: 3880
- Hattem; Group: NL; Population: 12822; Offences per 100k: 2840
- Coevorden; Group: NL; Population: 35729; Offences per 100k: 2550
- Renkum; Group: NL; Population: 31356; Offences per 100k: 3540
- Veendam; Group: NL; Population: 27825; Offences per 100k: 3830
- Alblasserdam; Group: NL; Population: 20250; Offences per 100k: 2730
- Sliedrecht; Group: NL; Population: 26531; Offences per 100k: 2930
- Assen; Group: NL; Population: 70769; Offences per 100k: 4640
- Almere; Group: NL; Population: 232619; Offences per 100k: 4280
- Tynaarlo; Group: NL; Population: 35116; Offences per 100k: 2040
- Rheden; Group: NL; Population: 43849; Offences per 100k: 3650
- Groningen; Group: NL; Population: 244427; Offences per 100k: 6160
- Lochem; Group: NL; Population: 34213; Offences per 100k: 2140
- Goeree-Overflakkee; Group: NL; Population: 52798; Offences per 100k: 2660
- Oegstgeest; Group: NL; Population: 26095; Offences per 100k: 3550
- Montferland; Group: NL; Population: 37014; Offences per 100k: 2330
- Eijsden-Margraten; Group: NL; Population: 26350; Offences per 100k: 2440
- Valkenburg aan de Geul; Group: NL; Population: 16481; Offences per 100k: 5030
- Sittard-Geleen; Group: NL; Population: 92461; Offences per 100k: 5490
- Mook en Middelaar; Group: NL; Population: 8192; Offences per 100k: 2780
- Horst aan de Maas; Group: NL; Population: 44821; Offences per 100k: 3510
- Bergen (L.); Group: NL; Population: 13037; Offences per 100k: 3320
- Baarle-Nassau; Group: NL; Population: 7256; Offences per 100k: 3050
- Best; Group: NL; Population: 31699; Offences per 100k: 3770
- Cranendonck; Group: NL; Population: 21101; Offences per 100k: 4800
- Eindhoven; Group: NL; Population: 249783; Offences per 100k: 7990
- Gilze en Rijen; Group: NL; Population: 28437; Offences per 100k: 4280
- Helmond; Group: NL; Population: 96860; Offences per 100k: 4980
- Moerdijk; Group: NL; Population: 38467; Offences per 100k: 3830
- Oss; Group: NL; Population: 95549; Offences per 100k: 4610
- Someren; Group: NL; Population: 20471; Offences per 100k: 2950
- Veldhoven; Group: NL; Population: 47918; Offences per 100k: 3410
- Zundert; Group: NL; Population: 23088; Offences per 100k: 2210
- Beverwijk; Group: NL; Population: 43052; Offences per 100k: 4920
- Diemen; Group: NL; Population: 33327; Offences per 100k: 4920
- Amersfoort; Group: NL; Population: 163764; Offences per 100k: 4330
- Heiloo; Group: NL; Population: 24613; Offences per 100k: 2770
- Koggenland; Group: NL; Population: 24214; Offences per 100k: 2400
- Ouder-Amstel; Group: NL; Population: 14525; Offences per 100k: 6550
- Uitgeest; Group: NL; Population: 13489; Offences per 100k: 2780
- Wormerland; Group: NL; Population: 16328; Offences per 100k: 2380
- Dalfsen; Group: NL; Population: 30264; Offences per 100k: 1680
- Alta; Group: NO; Population: 22074; Offences per 100k: 6450
- Ås; Group: NO; Population: 22725; Offences per 100k: 6000
- Austevoll; Group: NO; Population: 5515; Offences per 100k: 2870
- Bergen; Group: NO; Population: 294860; Offences per 100k: 6410
- Brønnøy; Group: NO; Population: 7841; Offences per 100k: 4210
- Eigersund; Group: NO; Population: 15546; Offences per 100k: 4810
- Fauske; Group: NO; Population: 9707; Offences per 100k: 5050
- Frøya; Group: NO; Population: 5794; Offences per 100k: 4210
- Gjøvik; Group: NO; Population: 31350; Offences per 100k: 5340
- Hå; Group: NO; Population: 20087; Offences per 100k: 3500
- Haram; Group: NO; Population: 9460; Offences per 100k: 2170
- Hitra; Group: NO; Population: 5568; Offences per 100k: 6500
- Inderøy; Group: NO; Population: 7066; Offences per 100k: 2770
- Kinn; Group: NO; Population: 17356; Offences per 100k: 3730
- Kragerø; Group: NO; Population: 10378; Offences per 100k: 9180
- Kvinnherad; Group: NO; Population: 13236; Offences per 100k: 3030
- Lillesand; Group: NO; Population: 11822; Offences per 100k: 4790
- Lunner; Group: NO; Population: 9463; Offences per 100k: 5690
- Malvik; Group: NO; Population: 14961; Offences per 100k: 2900
- Modum; Group: NO; Population: 14776; Offences per 100k: 4230
- Nannestad; Group: NO; Population: 16662; Offences per 100k: 3260
- Nome; Group: NO; Population: 6529; Offences per 100k: 4450
- Nordre Land; Group: NO; Population: 6510; Offences per 100k: 3190
- Ørsta; Group: NO; Population: 11068; Offences per 100k: 3360
- Øyer; Group: NO; Population: 5130; Offences per 100k: 8340
- Rakkestad; Group: NO; Population: 8583; Offences per 100k: 4090
- Ringerike; Group: NO; Population: 31942; Offences per 100k: 5380
- Sandnes; Group: NO; Population: 85785; Offences per 100k: 5270
- Skien; Group: NO; Population: 56906; Offences per 100k: 6970
- Sør-Varanger; Group: NO; Population: 9947; Offences per 100k: 6000
- Stavanger; Group: NO; Population: 151669; Offences per 100k: 6540
- Stryn; Group: NO; Population: 7319; Offences per 100k: 2850
- Sveio; Group: NO; Population: 5766; Offences per 100k: 3490
- Tromsø; Group: NO; Population: 79943; Offences per 100k: 5860
- Tynset; Group: NO; Population: 5762; Offences per 100k: 5000
- Vadsø; Group: NO; Population: 5808; Offences per 100k: 5710
- Vestby; Group: NO; Population: 20167; Offences per 100k: 4630
- Volda; Group: NO; Population: 11009; Offences per 100k: 4180
- Coruche; Group: PT; Population: 19944; Offences per 100k: 4300
- Vila Nova de Paiva; Group: PT; Population: 5176; Offences per 100k: 2530
- Sobral de Monte Agraço; Group: PT; Population: 10156; Offences per 100k: 3910
- Sesimbra; Group: PT; Population: 52465; Offences per 100k: 3450
- São João da Pesqueira; Group: PT; Population: 7874; Offences per 100k: 2460
- Vouzela; Group: PT; Population: 10564; Offences per 100k: 2590
- Viana do Alentejo; Group: PT; Population: 5743; Offences per 100k: 3510
- Viseu; Group: PT; Population: 99274; Offences per 100k: 2650
- Faro; Group: PT; Population: 80256; Offences per 100k: 3990
- Évora; Group: PT; Population: 35903; Offences per 100k: 2350
- Vila Nova de Gaia; Group: PT; Population: 303824; Offences per 100k: 2570
- Leiria; Group: PT; Population: 126897; Offences per 100k: 2270
- Beja; Group: PT; Population: 35854; Offences per 100k: 3210
- Ribeira Brava; Group: PT; Population: 13375; Offences per 100k: 2500
- Caldas da Rainha; Group: PT; Population: 52270; Offences per 100k: 2390
- Abrantes; Group: PT; Population: 39325; Offences per 100k: 2250
- Tavira; Group: PT; Population: 26167; Offences per 100k: 3630
- Estarreja; Group: PT; Population: 26997; Offences per 100k: 3260
- Vagos; Group: PT; Population: 22851; Offences per 100k: 2390
- Vila Nova de Poiares; Group: PT; Population: 7281; Offences per 100k: 1550
- Alvaiázere; Group: PT; Population: 7287; Offences per 100k: 2540
- Aveiro; Group: PT; Population: 91397; Offences per 100k: 2990
- Melgaço; Group: PT; Population: 9213; Offences per 100k: 3530
- Ourique; Group: PT; Population: 5389; Offences per 100k: 3230
- Soure; Group: PT; Population: 19245; Offences per 100k: 1440
- Alfândega da Fé; Group: PT; Population: 5104; Offences per 100k: 2310
- Torre de Moncorvo; Group: PT; Population: 8572; Offences per 100k: 3650
- Carrazeda de Ansiães; Group: PT; Population: 6373; Offences per 100k: 2580
- Póvoa de Lanhoso; Group: PT; Population: 21886; Offences per 100k: 3090
- Esposende; Group: PT; Population: 35552; Offences per 100k: 2380
- Santa Maria da Feira; Group: PT; Population: 136674; Offences per 100k: 2280
- Povoação; Group: PT; Population: 6726; Offences per 100k: 2710
- Portel; Group: PT; Population: 6428; Offences per 100k: 3020
- Alcochete; Group: PT; Population: 17569; Offences per 100k: 3100
- Estremoz; Group: PT; Population: 14318; Offences per 100k: 2700
- Santa Cruz; Group: PT; Population: 43005; Offences per 100k: 1580
- Arraiolos; Group: PT; Population: 7363; Offences per 100k: 2420
- Praia da Vitória; Group: PT; Population: 21035; Offences per 100k: 3820
- Guarda; Group: PT; Population: 42541; Offences per 100k: 2550
- Peso da Régua; Group: PT; Population: 17131; Offences per 100k: 1960
- Penalva do Castelo; Group: PT; Population: 7956; Offences per 100k: 1800
- Baião; Group: PT; Population: 20522; Offences per 100k: 2200
- Braga; Group: PT; Population: 212635; Offences per 100k: 2440
- Alcácer do Sal; Group: PT; Population: 13046; Offences per 100k: 4150
- Cinfães; Group: PT; Population: 20427; Offences per 100k: 2580
- Resende; Group: PT; Population: 11364; Offences per 100k: 2880
- Torres Vedras; Group: PT; Population: 79465; Offences per 100k: 2720
- Sátão; Group: PT; Population: 12444; Offences per 100k: 1690
- Almodôvar; Group: PT; Population: 7449; Offences per 100k: 3080
- Ponta do Sol; Group: PT; Population: 8862; Offences per 100k: 1590
- Penafiel; Group: PT; Population: 72265; Offences per 100k: 2330
- Alcanena; Group: PT; Population: 13868; Offences per 100k: 2790
- Alenquer; Group: PT; Population: 43267; Offences per 100k: 2700
- Oliveira do Hospital; Group: PT; Population: 20855; Offences per 100k: 1830
- Santiago do Cacém; Group: PT; Population: 29749; Offences per 100k: 3320
- Vila Nova da Barquinha; Group: PT; Population: 7322; Offences per 100k: 2860
- Idanha-a-Nova; Group: PT; Population: 9716; Offences per 100k: 4840
- Helsingborg; Group: SE; Population: 152776; Offences per 100k: 15583
- Järfälla; Group: SE; Population: 88950; Offences per 100k: 15104
- Skellefteå; Group: SE; Population: 78150; Offences per 100k: 9524
- Upplands-Bro; Group: SE; Population: 32868; Offences per 100k: 12909
- Tyresö; Group: SE; Population: 49179; Offences per 100k: 8826
- Mörbylånga; Group: SE; Population: 16224; Offences per 100k: 6658
- Åstorp; Group: SE; Population: 16449; Offences per 100k: 11700
- Norrköping; Group: SE; Population: 144980; Offences per 100k: 12832
- Umeå; Group: SE; Population: 134249; Offences per 100k: 9210
- Kristianstad; Group: SE; Population: 86379; Offences per 100k: 11358
- Göteborg; Group: SE; Population: 608993; Offences per 100k: 13878
- Växjö; Group: SE; Population: 98334; Offences per 100k: 12124
- Södertälje; Group: SE; Population: 102911; Offences per 100k: 14486
- Åre; Group: SE; Population: 12693; Offences per 100k: 10030
- Trollhättan; Group: SE; Population: 59003; Offences per 100k: 9986
- Härnösand; Group: SE; Population: 24515; Offences per 100k: 12030
- Ulricehamn; Group: SE; Population: 24985; Offences per 100k: 8522
- Fagersta; Group: SE; Population: 13072; Offences per 100k: 13045
- Ale; Group: SE; Population: 32576; Offences per 100k: 8332
- Skara; Group: SE; Population: 18707; Offences per 100k: 12888
- Vaxholm; Group: SE; Population: 11822; Offences per 100k: 5653
- Strömstad; Group: SE; Population: 13482; Offences per 100k: 12242
- Tidaholm; Group: SE; Population: 12805; Offences per 100k: 7494
- Lysekil; Group: SE; Population: 13907; Offences per 100k: 7920
- Borlänge; Group: SE; Population: 51425; Offences per 100k: 11376
- Ljungby; Group: SE; Population: 28280; Offences per 100k: 10905
- Hörby; Group: SE; Population: 15562; Offences per 100k: 9621
- Vetlanda; Group: SE; Population: 27528; Offences per 100k: 8731
- Nässjö; Group: SE; Population: 31587; Offences per 100k: 11272
- Piteå; Group: SE; Population: 42447; Offences per 100k: 7376
- Hallsberg; Group: SE; Population: 16120; Offences per 100k: 14657
- Tierp; Group: SE; Population: 21104; Offences per 100k: 10567
- Mölndal; Group: SE; Population: 71420; Offences per 100k: 9544
- Säffle; Group: SE; Population: 14899; Offences per 100k: 8889
- Vänersborg; Group: SE; Population: 40041; Offences per 100k: 10372
- Krokom; Group: SE; Population: 15680; Offences per 100k: 5751
- Nybro; Group: SE; Population: 19951; Offences per 100k: 11928
- Tingsryd; Group: SE; Population: 11966; Offences per 100k: 11139
- Heby; Group: SE; Population: 14345; Offences per 100k: 9497
- Östhammar; Group: SE; Population: 22138; Offences per 100k: 6656
- Kiruna; Group: SE; Population: 22426; Offences per 100k: 8566
- Sundbyberg; Group: SE; Population: 56274; Offences per 100k: 14369
- Swindon; Group: UK; Population: 183680; Offences per 100k: 6916.42
- Southampton; Group: UK; Population: 249620; Offences per 100k: 12006.213766
- Preston; Group: UK; Population: 94490; Offences per 100k: 9865.900383
- Oxford; Group: UK; Population: 170805; Offences per 100k: 9634.21
- Milton Keynes; Group: UK; Population: 197340; Offences per 100k: 8775.548901
- Leicester; Group: UK; Population: 406580; Offences per 100k: 11001.472906
- Harrow; Group: UK; Population: 269993; Offences per 100k: 5908.76
- Derby; Group: UK; Population: 275575; Offences per 100k: 11150.870512
- Bristol; Group: UK; Population: 425215; Offences per 100k: 13098.52973
- Birmingham; Group: UK; Population: 1121375; Offences per 100k: 11415.845315
- Midfield; Group: US; Population: 4930; Offences per 100k: 982.599795
- Folkston; Group: US; Population: 4701; Offences per 100k: 548.754749
- Concordia; Group: US; Population: 4926; Offences per 100k: 1587.301587
- Springhill; Group: US; Population: 4485; Offences per 100k: 1288.426763
- Audubon; Group: US; Population: 8801; Offences per 100k: 3703.288071
- Collingswood; Group: US; Population: 14344; Offences per 100k: 3159.4163
- Paulsboro; Group: US; Population: 6316; Offences per 100k: 2177.632602
- Stratford; Group: US; Population: 7185; Offences per 100k: 1242.496161
- Chambersburg; Group: US; Population: 23041; Offences per 100k: 2217.651793
- Folcroft; Group: US; Population: 6827; Offences per 100k: 2798.868543
- Lansdowne; Group: US; Population: 11225; Offences per 100k: 1743.293289
- Sharon Hill; Group: US; Population: 6039; Offences per 100k: 2154.15685
- Nashville; Group: US; Population: 704963; Offences per 100k: 5633.6
- Keyser; Group: US; Population: 4802; Offences per 100k: 1487.910725
- Guilford; Group: US; Population: 2586; Offences per 100k: 953.635166
- Naugatuck; Group: US; Population: 32116; Offences per 100k: 1071.093016
- Old Saybrook; Group: US; Population: 2278; Offences per 100k: 1697.152555
- Trumbull; Group: US; Population: 9746; Offences per 100k: 2376.506988
- Willimantic; Group: US; Population: 18149; Offences per 100k: 989.506878
- Watseka; Group: US; Population: 4495; Offences per 100k: 1547.779273
- Amesbury; Group: US; Population: 17617; Offences per 100k: 669.769554
- Belmont; Group: US; Population: 27295; Offences per 100k: 755.131965
- Charlton; Group: US; Population: 166; Offences per 100k: 453.481568
- Duxbury; Group: US; Population: 1896; Offences per 100k: 344.89018
- Great Barrington; Group: US; Population: 2234; Offences per 100k: 958.599611
- Hudson; Group: US; Population: 15749; Offences per 100k: 721.450808
- Lexington; Group: US; Population: 34454; Offences per 100k: 387.190684
- Mattapoisett; Group: US; Population: 3190; Offences per 100k: 585.908891
- Milford; Group: US; Population: 26971; Offences per 100k: 1188.350271
- Nantucket; Group: US; Population: 10166; Offences per 100k: 1115.694097
- Plymouth; Group: US; Population: 7667; Offences per 100k: 1017.669917
- Scituate; Group: US; Population: 5620; Offences per 100k: 157.081328
- Wakefield; Group: US; Population: 27090; Offences per 100k: 584.038609
- Wellesley; Group: US; Population: 29550; Offences per 100k: 531.698621
- Winchester; Group: US; Population: 22970; Offences per 100k: 400.206558
- Houlton; Group: US; Population: 4743; Offences per 100k: 1562.5
- South Berwick; Group: US; Population: 3825; Offences per 100k: 446.03033
- Derry; Group: US; Population: 22879; Offences per 100k: 827.316046
- Londonderry; Group: US; Population: 11645; Offences per 100k: 485.652851
- Allendale; Group: US; Population: 6928; Offences per 100k: 115.506786
- Carlstadt; Group: US; Population: 6454; Offences per 100k: 1625.135428
- Dunellen; Group: US; Population: 8411; Offences per 100k: 922.789394
- Englewood Cliffs; Group: US; Population: 5443; Offences per 100k: 1564.225248
- Fort Lee; Group: US; Population: 40067; Offences per 100k: 1231.301768
- Highland Park; Group: US; Population: 15386; Offences per 100k: 1369.593709
- Kenilworth; Group: US; Population: 8527; Offences per 100k: 869.668811
- Little Silver; Group: US; Population: 6101; Offences per 100k: 630.286946
- Maywood; Group: US; Population: 10221; Offences per 100k: 1544.477028
- Morris Plains; Group: US; Population: 6590; Offences per 100k: 1186.465505
- North Caldwell; Group: US; Population: 6769; Offences per 100k: 658.189978
- Oceanport; Group: US; Population: 6383; Offences per 100k: 421.120829
- Paramus; Group: US; Population: 26786; Offences per 100k: 4928.02393
- River Edge; Group: US; Population: 12235; Offences per 100k: 784.570121
- Rutherford; Group: US; Population: 19214; Offences per 100k: 860.772621
- Tenafly; Group: US; Population: 15455; Offences per 100k: 472.461329
- Washington; Group: US; Population: 7375; Offences per 100k: 734.394125
- Woodcliff Lake; Group: US; Population: 6234; Offences per 100k: 735.294118
- Archbald; Group: US; Population: 7508; Offences per 100k: 599.280863
- Bethel Park; Group: US; Population: 32376; Offences per 100k: 689.89199
- California; Group: US; Population: 4628; Offences per 100k: 1577.350859
- Clarion; Group: US; Population: 4141; Offences per 100k: 789.177001
- Crafton; Group: US; Population: 5863; Offences per 100k: 2306.9529
- Economy; Group: US; Population: 9005; Offences per 100k: 1255.323918
- Fox Chapel; Group: US; Population: 5185; Offences per 100k: 292.45467
- Huntingdon; Group: US; Population: 6857; Offences per 100k: 736.143187
- Latrobe; Group: US; Population: 7906; Offences per 100k: 914.053574
- Middletown; Group: US; Population: 7529; Offences per 100k: 778.897082
- Mount Carmel; Group: US; Population: 5626; Offences per 100k: 1231.043711
- Nazareth; Group: US; Population: 6088; Offences per 100k: 758.075148
- Old Forge; Group: US; Population: 8654; Offences per 100k: 635.544257
- Pleasant Hills; Group: US; Population: 8318; Offences per 100k: 1197.387518
- Punxsutawney; Group: US; Population: 5587; Offences per 100k: 772.964228
- Shillington; Group: US; Population: 5533; Offences per 100k: 732.466581
- Steelton; Group: US; Population: 6358; Offences per 100k: 2309.395761
- West Mifflin; Group: US; Population: 18902; Offences per 100k: 3020.582732
- Wilkinsburg; Group: US; Population: 13800; Offences per 100k: 3026.52792
- Tiverton; Group: US; Population: 7809; Offences per 100k: 748.068006
- Bisbee; Group: US; Population: 4957; Offences per 100k: 737.198645
- Ventura; Group: US; Population: 109857; Offences per 100k: 2616.474577
- Los Alamos; Group: US; Population: 13179; Offences per 100k: 453.873221
- Chadron; Group: US; Population: 5094; Offences per 100k: 2123.100896
- Washington, D.C.; Group: US; Population: 689545; Offences per 100k: 4179
- Anniston; Group: US; Population: 20930; Offences per 100k: 5210.906327
- Attalla; Group: US; Population: 5807; Offences per 100k: 3956.64889
- Brewton; Group: US; Population: 5113; Offences per 100k: 4572.8741
- Cullman; Group: US; Population: 20799; Offences per 100k: 2681.936084
- Enterprise; Group: US; Population: 31211; Offences per 100k: 3003.315348
- Foley; Group: US; Population: 30354; Offences per 100k: 1721.919467
- Greenville; Group: US; Population: 6912; Offences per 100k: 4420.049112
- Headland; Group: US; Population: 5429; Offences per 100k: 1521.260997
- Huntsville; Group: US; Population: 233627; Offences per 100k: 2871.484978
- Lanett; Group: US; Population: 6781; Offences per 100k: 3870.87132
- Margaret; Group: US; Population: 6654; Offences per 100k: 105.405812
- Montgomery; Group: US; Population: 195300; Offences per 100k: 2829.740667
- Oneonta; Group: US; Population: 7022; Offences per 100k: 3464.993583
- Oxford; Group: US; Population: 22199; Offences per 100k: 2804.204041
- Pleasant Grove; Group: US; Population: 9346; Offences per 100k: 1017.021732
- Roanoke; Group: US; Population: 5440; Offences per 100k: 4657.179819
- Scottsboro; Group: US; Population: 16123; Offences per 100k: 1973.684211
- Southside; Group: US; Population: 9718; Offences per 100k: 425.39946
- Triana; Group: US; Population: 4936; Offences per 100k: 432.645034
- Tuskegee; Group: US; Population: 8644; Offences per 100k: 2645.071079
- Bethel; Group: US; Population: 6626; Offences per 100k: 3901.273885
- Kenai; Group: US; Population: 7924; Offences per 100k: 1095.40186
- Wasilla; Group: US; Population: 10556; Offences per 100k: 2871.09375
- Camp Verde; Group: US; Population: 12581; Offences per 100k: 1317.774073
- Cottonwood; Group: US; Population: 12709; Offences per 100k: 1391.265531
- Flagstaff; Group: US; Population: 77260; Offences per 100k: 2695.170934
- Goodyear; Group: US; Population: 125359; Offences per 100k: 1645.108305
- Maricopa; Group: US; Population: 78362; Offences per 100k: 1093.712805
- Paradise Valley; Group: US; Population: 12251; Offences per 100k: 1069.131833
- Prescott; Group: US; Population: 48420; Offences per 100k: 1452.24353
- Scottsdale; Group: US; Population: 243006; Offences per 100k: 2027.834299
- Surprise; Group: US; Population: 175304; Offences per 100k: 984.669306
- Wickenburg; Group: US; Population: 8305; Offences per 100k: 970.873786
- Barling; Group: US; Population: 5284; Offences per 100k: 1695.86284
- Benton; Group: US; Population: 38898; Offences per 100k: 2679.129348
- Cabot; Group: US; Population: 27711; Offences per 100k: 1667.578909
- Conway; Group: US; Population: 72328; Offences per 100k: 2570.816472
- Forrest City; Group: US; Population: 12308; Offences per 100k: 4030.165423
- Heber Springs; Group: US; Population: 7323; Offences per 100k: 2209.191327
- Jonesboro; Group: US; Population: 83296; Offences per 100k: 3764.645072
- Marion; Group: US; Population: 13378; Offences per 100k: 2870.989059
- Mountain Home; Group: US; Population: 13373; Offences per 100k: 2532.211216
- Pea Ridge; Group: US; Population: 11233; Offences per 100k: 959.915612
- Russellville; Group: US; Population: 29521; Offences per 100k: 1734.143279
- Springdale; Group: US; Population: 90685; Offences per 100k: 2411.87384
- Van Buren; Group: US; Population: 24556; Offences per 100k: 2519.839647
- White Hall; Group: US; Population: 5532; Offences per 100k: 1167.098926
- Albany; Group: US; Population: 19195; Offences per 100k: 2631.438484
- Anderson; Group: US; Population: 11131; Offences per 100k: 2211.280215
- Arroyo Grande; Group: US; Population: 18123; Offences per 100k: 951.647505
- Atwater; Group: US; Population: 32133; Offences per 100k: 2904.060075
- Baldwin Park; Group: US; Population: 68880; Offences per 100k: 1833.576728
- Bellflower; Group: US; Population: 74719; Offences per 100k: 2782.778176
- Beverly Hills; Group: US; Population: 31027; Offences per 100k: 4951.242736
- Brentwood; Group: US; Population: 66607; Offences per 100k: 2631.901089
- Calabasas; Group: US; Population: 22256; Offences per 100k: 1465.95424
- Camarillo; Group: US; Population: 68652; Offences per 100k: 1319.539897
- Carpinteria; Group: US; Population: 12734; Offences per 100k: 1560.037819
- Cerritos; Group: US; Population: 46367; Offences per 100k: 5683.079132
- Chula Vista; Group: US; Population: 275533; Offences per 100k: 1508.163437
- Cloverdale; Group: US; Population: 8701; Offences per 100k: 1106.926852
- Colusa; Group: US; Population: 6519; Offences per 100k: 1020.408163
- Corcoran; Group: US; Population: 22358; Offences per 100k: 1539.095781
- Cotati; Group: US; Population: 7347; Offences per 100k: 1247.119425
- Cupertino; Group: US; Population: 58333; Offences per 100k: 1678.04878
- Davis; Group: US; Population: 66110; Offences per 100k: 2397.568835
- Dinuba; Group: US; Population: 25949; Offences per 100k: 2767.823103
- East Palo Alto; Group: US; Population: 28872; Offences per 100k: 2526.840907
- Elk Grove; Group: US; Population: 185007; Offences per 100k: 1421.758603
- Encinitas; Group: US; Population: 60736; Offences per 100k: 1156.117166
- Exeter; Group: US; Population: 10122; Offences per 100k: 2321.235369
- Firebaugh; Group: US; Population: 8774; Offences per 100k: 1080.708209
- Foster City; Group: US; Population: 32411; Offences per 100k: 738.636364
- Fullerton; Group: US; Population: 138675; Offences per 100k: 2479.302895
- Gilroy; Group: US; Population: 60764; Offences per 100k: 2624.531334
- Grand Terrace; Group: US; Population: 12936; Offences per 100k: 1989.431147
- Guadalupe; Group: US; Population: 8846; Offences per 100k: 582.058891
- Hayward; Group: US; Population: 157113; Offences per 100k: 4133.777433
- Hermosa Beach; Group: US; Population: 18513; Offences per 100k: 2850.589777
- Holtville; Group: US; Population: 5591; Offences per 100k: 415.087529
- Imperial; Group: US; Population: 22330; Offences per 100k: 259.326661
- Jackson; Group: US; Population: 5079; Offences per 100k: 1950.936836
- Kingsburg; Group: US; Population: 13249; Offences per 100k: 1497.957331
- Laguna Niguel; Group: US; Population: 64107; Offences per 100k: 1031.060084
- Lake Forest; Group: US; Population: 86333; Offences per 100k: 975.399424
- Lancaster; Group: US; Population: 170084; Offences per 100k: 2755.286199
- La Verne; Group: US; Population: 30178; Offences per 100k: 2585.825593
- Lincoln; Group: US; Population: 57367; Offences per 100k: 657.144892
- Lomita; Group: US; Population: 19724; Offences per 100k: 2140.68852
- Los Altos Hills; Group: US; Population: 8419; Offences per 100k: 407.810183
- McFarland; Group: US; Population: 14709; Offences per 100k: 1199.314677
- Manhattan Beach; Group: US; Population: 33122; Offences per 100k: 2683.046082
- Maywood; Group: US; Population: 23600; Offences per 100k: 1920.450666
- Mill Valley; Group: US; Population: 13799; Offences per 100k: 1098.257432
- Montclair; Group: US; Population: 37563; Offences per 100k: 4289.838029
- Moorpark; Group: US; Population: 35023; Offences per 100k: 812.754871
- Mountain View; Group: US; Population: 85438; Offences per 100k: 3080.001473
- Newman; Group: US; Population: 12453; Offences per 100k: 543.38877
- Oakdale; Group: US; Population: 23246; Offences per 100k: 1605.185314
- Ojai; Group: US; Population: 7474; Offences per 100k: 1038.855909
- Orland; Group: US; Population: 8381; Offences per 100k: 1152.702033
- Palmdale; Group: US; Population: 161845; Offences per 100k: 2415.981583
- Paradise; Group: US; Population: 10023; Offences per 100k: 978.693037
- Patterson; Group: US; Population: 26587; Offences per 100k: 1231.807305
- Pinole; Group: US; Population: 18543; Offences per 100k: 2457.673403
- Pleasant Hill; Group: US; Population: 34017; Offences per 100k: 4260.711411
- Poway; Group: US; Population: 49180; Offences per 100k: 717.453146
- Rancho Palos Verdes; Group: US; Population: 39654; Offences per 100k: 974.82756
- Redondo Beach; Group: US; Population: 67281; Offences per 100k: 2835.132822
- Ridgecrest; Group: US; Population: 28333; Offences per 100k: 1750.266809
- Rocklin; Group: US; Population: 76821; Offences per 100k: 1068.226016
- Roseville; Group: US; Population: 167302; Offences per 100k: 1639.63621
- San Bruno; Group: US; Population: 42305; Offences per 100k: 2221.783838
- San Fernando; Group: US; Population: 23488; Offences per 100k: 2541.751176
- San Jose; Group: US; Population: 989814; Offences per 100k: 3194.7
- San Marcos; Group: US; Population: 94908; Offences per 100k: 882.158895
- San Ramon; Group: US; Population: 86209; Offences per 100k: 1199.49794
- Santa Cruz; Group: US; Population: 61797; Offences per 100k: 3128.158315
- Santa Rosa; Group: US; Population: 179437; Offences per 100k: 1662.603413
- Scotts Valley; Group: US; Population: 11652; Offences per 100k: 1903.952401
- Shafter; Group: US; Population: 23871; Offences per 100k: 1643.774922
- Soledad; Group: US; Population: 26357; Offences per 100k: 784.545301
- South Lake Tahoe; Group: US; Population: 21115; Offences per 100k: 2247.084028
- Stockton; Group: US; Population: 324597; Offences per 100k: 3785.388114
- Tehachapi; Group: US; Population: 11852; Offences per 100k: 3124.087591
- Torrance; Group: US; Population: 138391; Offences per 100k: 3086.947312
- Tustin; Group: US; Population: 77843; Offences per 100k: 2316.035591
- Upland; Group: US; Population: 79446; Offences per 100k: 2163.290237
- Visalia; Group: US; Population: 146541; Offences per 100k: 2565.541789
- Watsonville; Group: US; Population: 50716; Offences per 100k: 1581.247517
- West Sacramento; Group: US; Population: 56216; Offences per 100k: 1662.657422
- Windsor; Group: US; Population: 25864; Offences per 100k: 966.484801
- Yreka; Group: US; Population: 7714; Offences per 100k: 3148.59849
- Arvada; Group: US; Population: 122901; Offences per 100k: 2764.494919
- Breckenridge; Group: US; Population: 4892; Offences per 100k: 3325.173399
- Centennial; Group: US; Population: 108658; Offences per 100k: 1881.563868
- Cortez; Group: US; Population: 9126; Offences per 100k: 3399.122807
- Eagle; Group: US; Population: 7280; Offences per 100k: 543.921675
- Evans; Group: US; Population: 22500; Offences per 100k: 1924.712412
- Fountain; Group: US; Population: 29450; Offences per 100k: 2375.432464
- Golden; Group: US; Population: 20390; Offences per 100k: 2510.771059
- Gypsum; Group: US; Population: 9212; Offences per 100k: 384.573124
- Lamar; Group: US; Population: 7588; Offences per 100k: 522.228174
- Louisville; Group: US; Population: 20581; Offences per 100k: 1916.96464
- Montrose; Group: US; Population: 21583; Offences per 100k: 2451.410369
- Rifle; Group: US; Population: 10844; Offences per 100k: 1310.45536
- Steamboat Springs; Group: US; Population: 13557; Offences per 100k: 1587.534911
- Westminster; Group: US; Population: 116182; Offences per 100k: 3843.933164
- Ansonia; Group: US; Population: 19216; Offences per 100k: 1475.143052
- Groton; Group: US; Population: 10160; Offences per 100k: 872.656755
- New Britain; Group: US; Population: 76286; Offences per 100k: 2346.769
- Shelton; Group: US; Population: 42880; Offences per 100k: 750.891684
- West Haven; Group: US; Population: 55351; Offences per 100k: 1342.54002
- Milford; Group: US; Population: 14723; Offences per 100k: 4441.117764
- Smyrna; Group: US; Population: 13340; Offences per 100k: 2450.321231
- Albany; Group: US; Population: 66907; Offences per 100k: 2431.652284
- Bainbridge; Group: US; Population: 14606; Offences per 100k: 3631.440078
- Brookhaven; Group: US; Population: 59643; Offences per 100k: 2544.188997
- Cartersville; Group: US; Population: 25349; Offences per 100k: 1949.653525
- Columbus; Group: US; Population: 202171; Offences per 100k: 2839.436788
- Dallas; Group: US; Population: 15402; Offences per 100k: 680.806494
- Duluth; Group: US; Population: 33815; Offences per 100k: 1362.61573
- Fairburn; Group: US; Population: 17133; Offences per 100k: 1143.946616
- Fort Oglethorpe; Group: US; Population: 10868; Offences per 100k: 3127.633674
- Grovetown; Group: US; Population: 17939; Offences per 100k: 253.178491
- Jasper; Group: US; Population: 5289; Offences per 100k: 1264.628162
- LaGrange; Group: US; Population: 34730; Offences per 100k: 5110.711784
- McDonough; Group: US; Population: 33395; Offences per 100k: 2960.16898
- Milledgeville; Group: US; Population: 16835; Offences per 100k: 3889.093363
- Nashville; Group: US; Population: 4950; Offences per 100k: 2768.236007
- Peachtree City; Group: US; Population: 40880; Offences per 100k: 837.824596
- Rincon; Group: US; Population: 11726; Offences per 100k: 616.918786
- St. Marys; Group: US; Population: 20546; Offences per 100k: 1428.427724
- Snellville; Group: US; Population: 22478; Offences per 100k: 2258.035951
- Suwanee; Group: US; Population: 23034; Offences per 100k: 3235.10706
- Toccoa; Group: US; Population: 9539; Offences per 100k: 2984.595635
- Warner Robins; Group: US; Population: 87761; Offences per 100k: 3646.100116
- Blackfoot; Group: US; Population: 13361; Offences per 100k: 1197.332525
- Emmett; Group: US; Population: 8900; Offences per 100k: 752.908966
- Jerome; Group: US; Population: 13731; Offences per 100k: 806.030301
- Middleton; Group: US; Population: 12600; Offences per 100k: 727.272727
- Pocatello; Group: US; Population: 58771; Offences per 100k: 1927.735508
- Rigby; Group: US; Population: 5683; Offences per 100k: 1355.107714
- Weiser; Group: US; Population: 6249; Offences per 100k: 177.591217
- Antioch; Group: US; Population: 15000; Offences per 100k: 570.201919
- Bartlett; Group: US; Population: 40855; Offences per 100k: 418.59996
- Belvidere; Group: US; Population: 25462; Offences per 100k: 588.886254
- Bloomingdale; Group: US; Population: 22476; Offences per 100k: 1458.707361
- Braidwood; Group: US; Population: 6259; Offences per 100k: 453.955901
- Burr Ridge; Group: US; Population: 11179; Offences per 100k: 893.26406
- Carol Stream; Group: US; Population: 39315; Offences per 100k: 780.301269
- Channahon; Group: US; Population: 14530; Offences per 100k: 570.792148
- Chicago Heights; Group: US; Population: 26508; Offences per 100k: 3964.80893
- Clarendon Hills; Group: US; Population: 8681; Offences per 100k: 434.2723
- Countryside; Group: US; Population: 6260; Offences per 100k: 2605.540897
- Danville; Group: US; Population: 28138; Offences per 100k: 7360.688049
- Des Plaines; Group: US; Population: 58772; Offences per 100k: 1260.092978
- East Alton; Group: US; Population: 5621; Offences per 100k: 2055.039314
- Elburn; Group: US; Population: 7084; Offences per 100k: 583.832335
- Evanston; Group: US; Population: 76380; Offences per 100k: 2883.604303
- Fox Lake; Group: US; Population: 10849; Offences per 100k: 1944.366918
- Galesburg; Group: US; Population: 28581; Offences per 100k: 3478.381375
- Glencoe; Group: US; Population: 8724; Offences per 100k: 624.484506
- Granite City; Group: US; Population: 26807; Offences per 100k: 3107.683091
- Hanover Park; Group: US; Population: 36568; Offences per 100k: 542.217502
- Harwood Heights; Group: US; Population: 8761; Offences per 100k: 1399.341486
- Highland; Group: US; Population: 10042; Offences per 100k: 734.776044
- Hoffman Estates; Group: US; Population: 50858; Offences per 100k: 1142.175592
- Island Lake; Group: US; Population: 8047; Offences per 100k: 589.12008
- Joliet; Group: US; Population: 152241; Offences per 100k: 1594.61775
- Lake in the Hills; Group: US; Population: 28590; Offences per 100k: 507.472089
- LaSalle; Group: US; Population: 9388; Offences per 100k: 202.364469
- Lincolnwood; Group: US; Population: 13039; Offences per 100k: 2638.418524
- Lockport; Group: US; Population: 27822; Offences per 100k: 659.967002
- Mahomet; Group: US; Population: 10516; Offences per 100k: 436.515468
- Maryville; Group: US; Population: 8413; Offences per 100k: 347.888676
- Metropolis; Group: US; Population: 5727; Offences per 100k: 1554.313657
- Mokena; Group: US; Population: 19897; Offences per 100k: 821.251141
- Monticello; Group: US; Population: 6080; Offences per 100k: 231.74971
- Mount Prospect; Group: US; Population: 55395; Offences per 100k: 977.15001
- Naperville; Group: US; Population: 153114; Offences per 100k: 967.306887
- North Aurora; Group: US; Population: 19406; Offences per 100k: 1006.43287
- North Riverside; Group: US; Population: 7161; Offences per 100k: 5742.176285
- O'Fallon; Group: US; Population: 32656; Offences per 100k: 1214.841788
- Palatine; Group: US; Population: 65842; Offences per 100k: 1008.442777
- Paris; Group: US; Population: 8026; Offences per 100k: 2033.387724
- Peru; Group: US; Population: 9780; Offences per 100k: 1890.281488
- Pontoon Beach; Group: US; Population: 5887; Offences per 100k: 1952.989976
- Richton Park; Group: US; Population: 12483; Offences per 100k: 2437.023057
- Riverside; Group: US; Population: 8939; Offences per 100k: 861.079219
- Rockton; Group: US; Population: 7870; Offences per 100k: 891.357706
- Round Lake Beach; Group: US; Population: 26902; Offences per 100k: 983.335835
- Sauk Village; Group: US; Population: 9624; Offences per 100k: 1741.452991
- Skokie; Group: US; Population: 66544; Offences per 100k: 2890.065108
- South Holland; Group: US; Population: 20749; Offences per 100k: 2451.465927
- Sterling; Group: US; Population: 14394; Offences per 100k: 1652.777778
- Summit; Group: US; Population: 10753; Offences per 100k: 1999.04352
- Troy; Group: US; Population: 11893; Offences per 100k: 469.151102
- Vernon Hills; Group: US; Population: 26825; Offences per 100k: 1524.653573
- Westchester; Group: US; Population: 16300; Offences per 100k: 681.130172
- Wheaton; Group: US; Population: 54065; Offences per 100k: 590.704477
- Wilmington; Group: US; Population: 5614; Offences per 100k: 992.421508
- Wood Dale; Group: US; Population: 14081; Offences per 100k: 1190.737088
- Yorkville; Group: US; Population: 26730; Offences per 100k: 461.45494
- Avon; Group: US; Population: 25350; Offences per 100k: 1741.75846
- Bloomington; Group: US; Population: 83307; Offences per 100k: 3005.256342
- Brownsburg; Group: US; Population: 34089; Offences per 100k: 662.807786
- Clarksville; Group: US; Population: 22253; Offences per 100k: 3526.652837
- Cumberland; Group: US; Population: 8066; Offences per 100k: 2678.43555
- Elkhart; Group: US; Population: 54092; Offences per 100k: 3594.654872
- Fort Wayne; Group: US; Population: 275203; Offences per 100k: 2531.152075
- Greensburg; Group: US; Population: 12315; Offences per 100k: 1608.210765
- Hobart; Group: US; Population: 29298; Offences per 100k: 2422.712073
- Kendallville; Group: US; Population: 10371; Offences per 100k: 909.179783
- Lawrence; Group: US; Population: 50420; Offences per 100k: 2020.325203
- McCordsville; Group: US; Population: 13094; Offences per 100k: 1032.110092
- Muncie; Group: US; Population: 65466; Offences per 100k: 2859.909024
- New Haven; Group: US; Population: 16337; Offences per 100k: 1292.085973
- Plainfield; Group: US; Population: 38574; Offences per 100k: 1693.569727
- Seymour; Group: US; Population: 22450; Offences per 100k: 1609.927115
- Terre Haute; Group: US; Population: 58764; Offences per 100k: 3977.03977
- Washington; Group: US; Population: 12991; Offences per 100k: 741.675872
- Whitestown; Group: US; Population: 15767; Offences per 100k: 1518.053487
- Algona; Group: US; Population: 5309; Offences per 100k: 226.500566
- Asbury; Group: US; Population: 6035; Offences per 100k: 199.269346
- Cedar Rapids; Group: US; Population: 137935; Offences per 100k: 2950.584724
- Clarinda; Group: US; Population: 5273; Offences per 100k: 1305.334847
- Council Bluffs; Group: US; Population: 62680; Offences per 100k: 2873.018677
- Des Moines; Group: US; Population: 212086; Offences per 100k: 3829.482186
- Fairfield; Group: US; Population: 9220; Offences per 100k: 626.959248
- Grinnell; Group: US; Population: 9430; Offences per 100k: 1407.258491
- Iowa Falls; Group: US; Population: 5013; Offences per 100k: 1769.199839
- Manchester; Group: US; Population: 5357; Offences per 100k: 1246.458924
- Mount Pleasant; Group: US; Population: 8500; Offences per 100k: 1110.978378
- Norwalk; Group: US; Population: 15004; Offences per 100k: 288.683603
- Ottumwa; Group: US; Population: 25319; Offences per 100k: 3013.69863
- Sheldon; Group: US; Population: 5575; Offences per 100k: 982.209044
- Storm Lake; Group: US; Population: 11590; Offences per 100k: 1966.243257
- Waterloo; Group: US; Population: 66919; Offences per 100k: 2920.840551
- Windsor Heights; Group: US; Population: 5106; Offences per 100k: 4829.375374
- Atchison; Group: US; Population: 10789; Offences per 100k: 1480.573369
- Chanute; Group: US; Population: 8584; Offences per 100k: 2542.372881
- El Dorado; Group: US; Population: 12696; Offences per 100k: 1692.295804
- Gardner; Group: US; Population: 26154; Offences per 100k: 1016.455065
- Hutchinson; Group: US; Population: 39595; Offences per 100k: 2596.844341
- Lansing; Group: US; Population: 11331; Offences per 100k: 748.9301
- Liberal; Group: US; Population: 19010; Offences per 100k: 1396.588486
- Merriam; Group: US; Population: 11509; Offences per 100k: 6021.863999
- Ottawa; Group: US; Population: 12716; Offences per 100k: 1259.644151
- Pittsburg; Group: US; Population: 20569; Offences per 100k: 3860.249206
- Spring Hill; Group: US; Population: 10777; Offences per 100k: 826.607021
- Wellington; Group: US; Population: 7541; Offences per 100k: 2788.844622
- Bardstown; Group: US; Population: 14161; Offences per 100k: 1559.24409
- Central City; Group: US; Population: 5793; Offences per 100k: 1067.493113
- Danville; Group: US; Population: 17736; Offences per 100k: 1154.774216
- Elsmere; Group: US; Population: 9521; Offences per 100k: 929.978118
- Fort Thomas; Group: US; Population: 17142; Offences per 100k: 534.886485
- Glasgow; Group: US; Population: 15302; Offences per 100k: 2277.298384
- Hopkinsville; Group: US; Population: 30411; Offences per 100k: 2951.716948
- Lawrenceburg; Group: US; Population: 12329; Offences per 100k: 596.356507
- Lyndon; Group: US; Population: 11301; Offences per 100k: 2629.401489
- Middletown; Group: US; Population: 9944; Offences per 100k: 3530.514476
- Murray; Group: US; Population: 18964; Offences per 100k: 1528.228245
- Owensboro; Group: US; Population: 60892; Offences per 100k: 3266.440362
- Radcliff; Group: US; Population: 22576; Offences per 100k: 2171.418484
- Shepherdsville; Group: US; Population: 14931; Offences per 100k: 1926.834198
- Villa Hills; Group: US; Population: 7797; Offences per 100k: 892.857143
- Winchester; Group: US; Population: 19514; Offences per 100k: 2961.157496
- Bogalusa; Group: US; Population: 10321; Offences per 100k: 5345.298478
- DeRidder; Group: US; Population: 9503; Offences per 100k: 1744.247137
- Kenner; Group: US; Population: 65136; Offences per 100k: 3177.453228
- Monroe; Group: US; Population: 46860; Offences per 100k: 7625.837114
- Patterson; Group: US; Population: 5565; Offences per 100k: 810.810811
- Ruston; Group: US; Population: 22397; Offences per 100k: 3382.901298
- Tallulah; Group: US; Population: 5517; Offences per 100k: 798.155374
- Westwego; Group: US; Population: 8317; Offences per 100k: 2518.389228
- Bath; Group: US; Population: 8835; Offences per 100k: 789.08804
- Gardiner; Group: US; Population: 6206; Offences per 100k: 1125.04018
- Rockland; Group: US; Population: 7142; Offences per 100k: 1954.951126
- Waterville; Group: US; Population: 17579; Offences per 100k: 3165.945337
- Bel Air; Group: US; Population: 10507; Offences per 100k: 2245.250432
- Cambridge; Group: US; Population: 13457; Offences per 100k: 3733.434305
- District Heights; Group: US; Population: 5938; Offences per 100k: 2461.431791
- Frostburg; Group: US; Population: 6979; Offences per 100k: 115.174201
- Hagerstown; Group: US; Population: 44228; Offences per 100k: 3177.008011
- Laurel; Group: US; Population: 30254; Offences per 100k: 5255.229553
- Ocean City; Group: US; Population: 6840; Offences per 100k: 9786.682041
- Takoma Park; Group: US; Population: 17260; Offences per 100k: 7612.81433
- Attleboro; Group: US; Population: 47447; Offences per 100k: 1346.808421
- Bridgewater Town; Group: US; Population: 29167; Offences per 100k: 274.902427
- Everett; Group: US; Population: 53572; Offences per 100k: 1662.028448
- Franklin Town; Group: US; Population: 33742; Offences per 100k: 382.607664
- Holyoke; Group: US; Population: 38023; Offences per 100k: 5273.06968
- Malden; Group: US; Population: 66370; Offences per 100k: 1471.701541
- Newburyport; Group: US; Population: 19148; Offences per 100k: 441.971714
- Peabody; Group: US; Population: 55953; Offences per 100k: 1091.623608
- Revere; Group: US; Population: 60141; Offences per 100k: 1979.958116
- Taunton; Group: US; Population: 62522; Offences per 100k: 1281.636875
- Winthrop Town; Group: US; Population: 18739; Offences per 100k: 680.827887
- Allegan; Group: US; Population: 5127; Offences per 100k: 660.96423
- Ann Arbor; Group: US; Population: 122233; Offences per 100k: 2018.21648
- Benton Harbor; Group: US; Population: 8803; Offences per 100k: 7371.64925
- Brighton; Group: US; Population: 7904; Offences per 100k: 1339.066339
- Chelsea; Group: US; Population: 5424; Offences per 100k: 937.207123
- Dearborn; Group: US; Population: 105611; Offences per 100k: 2292.222509
- East Lansing; Group: US; Population: 49355; Offences per 100k: 1440.402599
- Farmington Hills; Group: US; Population: 83291; Offences per 100k: 879.243996
- Flushing; Group: US; Population: 8175; Offences per 100k: 634.765625
- Gladstone; Group: US; Population: 5226; Offences per 100k: 516.055046
- Grandville; Group: US; Population: 17018; Offences per 100k: 3792.899408
- Grosse Pointe Woods; Group: US; Population: 15792; Offences per 100k: 1583.147143
- Highland Park; Group: US; Population: 8248; Offences per 100k: 7306.763285
- Houghton; Group: US; Population: 8560; Offences per 100k: 794.021485
- Ishpeming; Group: US; Population: 6205; Offences per 100k: 1081.517353
- Lapeer; Group: US; Population: 9201; Offences per 100k: 1812.820793
- Manistee; Group: US; Population: 6157; Offences per 100k: 1623.945232
- Mason; Group: US; Population: 8264; Offences per 100k: 936.652699
- Milford; Group: US; Population: 6520; Offences per 100k: 329.916343
- Norton Shores; Group: US; Population: 25088; Offences per 100k: 2075.916963
- Plymouth; Group: US; Population: 9164; Offences per 100k: 1022.539857
- Richmond; Group: US; Population: 5927; Offences per 100k: 687.285223
- Romulus; Group: US; Population: 24547; Offences per 100k: 2942.97228
- St. Clair Shores; Group: US; Population: 58077; Offences per 100k: 1250.940392
- Sault Ste. Marie; Group: US; Population: 13083; Offences per 100k: 1510.14275
- Sterling Heights; Group: US; Population: 133931; Offences per 100k: 1271.625907
- Utica; Group: US; Population: 5139; Offences per 100k: 2829.076621
- Westland; Group: US; Population: 82333; Offences per 100k: 1804.789115
- Ypsilanti; Group: US; Population: 19766; Offences per 100k: 3033.489301
- Anoka; Group: US; Population: 18169; Offences per 100k: 1431.58362
- Belle Plaine; Group: US; Population: 7632; Offences per 100k: 538.140724
- Brainerd; Group: US; Population: 14428; Offences per 100k: 2210.058159
- Cambridge; Group: US; Population: 11090; Offences per 100k: 1758.933531
- Columbia Heights; Group: US; Population: 22482; Offences per 100k: 2506.319352
- Crystal; Group: US; Population: 22239; Offences per 100k: 2505.005355
- East Grand Forks; Group: US; Population: 8906; Offences per 100k: 395.078451
- Fairmont; Group: US; Population: 10099; Offences per 100k: 1690.750025
- Forest Lake; Group: US; Population: 20952; Offences per 100k: 1595.744681
- Hastings; Group: US; Population: 22563; Offences per 100k: 1112.51809
- International Falls; Group: US; Population: 5481; Offences per 100k: 1569.830386
- La Crescent; Group: US; Population: 5257; Offences per 100k: 511.460504
- Litchfield; Group: US; Population: 6528; Offences per 100k: 1320.638821
- Maplewood; Group: US; Population: 40717; Offences per 100k: 3168.676523
- Minnetonka; Group: US; Population: 53969; Offences per 100k: 1754.115722
- New Brighton; Group: US; Population: 22159; Offences per 100k: 1312.32404
- Northfield; Group: US; Population: 21992; Offences per 100k: 1502.440874
- Orono; Group: US; Population: 8301; Offences per 100k: 543.736473
- Ramsey; Group: US; Population: 29624; Offences per 100k: 579.599486
- Rochester; Group: US; Population: 124292; Offences per 100k: 1522.486837
- St. Cloud; Group: US; Population: 72145; Offences per 100k: 3323.448777
- St. Paul; Group: US; Population: 307465; Offences per 100k: 3451.72356
- Savage; Group: US; Population: 32970; Offences per 100k: 793.602897
- Thief River Falls; Group: US; Population: 8799; Offences per 100k: 1485.934664
- White Bear Lake; Group: US; Population: 23392; Offences per 100k: 1410.888947
- Worthington; Group: US; Population: 13979; Offences per 100k: 1205.353842
- Booneville; Group: US; Population: 9257; Offences per 100k: 3889.807163
- Corinth; Group: US; Population: 14345; Offences per 100k: 3493.140998
- Horn Lake; Group: US; Population: 26741; Offences per 100k: 1508.833119
- Madison; Group: US; Population: 28575; Offences per 100k: 445.41049
- Pass Christian; Group: US; Population: 6459; Offences per 100k: 808.080808
- Richland; Group: US; Population: 7630; Offences per 100k: 1082.01977
- Tupelo; Group: US; Population: 38087; Offences per 100k: 4168.32921
- Ashland; Group: US; Population: 5164; Offences per 100k: 610.7171
- Berkeley; Group: US; Population: 8026; Offences per 100k: 9008.782936
- Branson; Group: US; Population: 12921; Offences per 100k: 6493.606532
- Carl Junction; Group: US; Population: 8484; Offences per 100k: 911.674165
- Chillicothe; Group: US; Population: 9114; Offences per 100k: 1096.039067
- Crestwood; Group: US; Population: 12207; Offences per 100k: 1586.383541
- Ellisville; Group: US; Population: 10315; Offences per 100k: 872.510778
- Festus; Group: US; Population: 14066; Offences per 100k: 1212.298255
- Glendale; Group: US; Population: 6060; Offences per 100k: 382.631842
- Harrisonville; Group: US; Population: 10040; Offences per 100k: 2315.099365
- Jefferson City; Group: US; Population: 42489; Offences per 100k: 2373.064543
- Kirksville; Group: US; Population: 17863; Offences per 100k: 2352.335165
- Lebanon; Group: US; Population: 15663; Offences per 100k: 2473.180446
- Maplewood; Group: US; Population: 8033; Offences per 100k: 7452.013549
- Moberly; Group: US; Population: 13719; Offences per 100k: 1340.299864
- North Kansas City; Group: US; Population: 5630; Offences per 100k: 8226.351351
- Olivette; Group: US; Population: 8937; Offences per 100k: 926.235911
- Park Hills; Group: US; Population: 8753; Offences per 100k: 2212.891512
- Pleasant Hill; Group: US; Population: 8956; Offences per 100k: 821.664159
- Richmond; Group: US; Population: 5968; Offences per 100k: 2086.839448
- St. Ann; Group: US; Population: 12704; Offences per 100k: 1617.916633
- St. Louis; Group: US; Population: 278144; Offences per 100k: 7074.080218
- Sikeston; Group: US; Population: 15983; Offences per 100k: 4654.935729
- Town and Country; Group: US; Population: 11619; Offences per 100k: 1267.031155
- University City; Group: US; Population: 34657; Offences per 100k: 1872.836474
- Webb City; Group: US; Population: 13459; Offences per 100k: 2349.694167
- Wright City; Group: US; Population: 5723; Offences per 100k: 633.025864
- Great Falls; Group: US; Population: 60208; Offences per 100k: 4000.728308
- Kalispell; Group: US; Population: 31851; Offences per 100k: 2519.367639
- Missoula; Group: US; Population: 78903; Offences per 100k: 4226.28024
- Beatrice; Group: US; Population: 12318; Offences per 100k: 904.498044
- Fremont; Group: US; Population: 28350; Offences per 100k: 2070.803472
- Lexington; Group: US; Population: 11176; Offences per 100k: 1481.549646
- Norfolk; Group: US; Population: 26677; Offences per 100k: 1345.582069
- Ralston; Group: US; Population: 6382; Offences per 100k: 1317.853781
- South Sioux City; Group: US; Population: 14158; Offences per 100k: 2833.128034
- Elko; Group: US; Population: 21019; Offences per 100k: 1835.961843
- Mesquite; Group: US; Population: 24001; Offences per 100k: 1129.080182
- Berlin; Group: US; Population: 9502; Offences per 100k: 1878.231508
- Keene; Group: US; Population: 23072; Offences per 100k: 2352.015389
- Portsmouth; Group: US; Population: 23028; Offences per 100k: 1471.548609
- Allendale borough; Group: US; Population: 6865; Offences per 100k: 115.506786
- Bellmawr borough; Group: US; Population: 11737; Offences per 100k: 1651.238429
- Bloomingdale borough; Group: US; Population: 7795; Offences per 100k: 505.770977
- Butler borough; Group: US; Population: 8196; Offences per 100k: 539.180446
- Chatham borough; Group: US; Population: 10062; Offences per 100k: 526.038927
- Closter borough; Group: US; Population: 8606; Offences per 100k: 1203.576341
- East Orange; Group: US; Population: 72159; Offences per 100k: 2438.921533
- Emerson borough; Group: US; Population: 7305; Offences per 100k: 94.569035
- Fair Lawn borough; Group: US; Population: 36489; Offences per 100k: 981.437437
- Franklin borough; Group: US; Population: 5059; Offences per 100k: 515.157519
- Glassboro borough; Group: US; Population: 23717; Offences per 100k: 1230.18594
- Hackettstown; Group: US; Population: 10185; Offences per 100k: 525.272547
- Harrington Park borough; Group: US; Population: 5088; Offences per 100k: 211.823609
- Hightstown borough; Group: US; Population: 5920; Offences per 100k: 753.768844
- Jersey City; Group: US; Population: 302013; Offences per 100k: 2590.610965
- Leonia borough; Group: US; Population: 9336; Offences per 100k: 515.409698
- Little Silver borough; Group: US; Population: 6105; Offences per 100k: 630.286946
- Manville borough; Group: US; Population: 10921; Offences per 100k: 1063.829787
- Middlesex borough; Group: US; Population: 14645; Offences per 100k: 414.09273
- Morris Plains borough; Group: US; Population: 6315; Offences per 100k: 1186.465505
- Newark; Group: US; Population: 323808; Offences per 100k: 2538.520154
- North Caldwell borough; Group: US; Population: 6656; Offences per 100k: 658.189978
- Oakland borough; Group: US; Population: 12768; Offences per 100k: 370.828183
- Palisades Park borough; Group: US; Population: 20290; Offences per 100k: 712.995068
- Passaic; Group: US; Population: 71337; Offences per 100k: 2556.550087
- Pine Hill borough; Group: US; Population: 10802; Offences per 100k: 1577.801959
- Princeton; Group: US; Population: 31469; Offences per 100k: 765.289578
- Red Bank borough; Group: US; Population: 12830; Offences per 100k: 1366.098767
- Ringwood borough; Group: US; Population: 11657; Offences per 100k: 215.090768
- Roselle Park borough; Group: US; Population: 14093; Offences per 100k: 745.848579
- Somerdale borough; Group: US; Population: 5581; Offences per 100k: 5533.110838
- South River borough; Group: US; Population: 16124; Offences per 100k: 147.810556
- Tenafly borough; Group: US; Population: 15319; Offences per 100k: 472.461329
- Waldwick borough; Group: US; Population: 10164; Offences per 100k: 367.789392
- Westfield; Group: US; Population: 32595; Offences per 100k: 572.144901
- Wildwood; Group: US; Population: 5068; Offences per 100k: 5275.498242
- Wood-Ridge borough; Group: US; Population: 10397; Offences per 100k: 602.92851
- Aztec; Group: US; Population: 6091; Offences per 100k: 1915.207072
- Corrales; Group: US; Population: 8484; Offences per 100k: 624.061019
- Hobbs; Group: US; Population: 40863; Offences per 100k: 4541.722262
- Portales; Group: US; Population: 11734; Offences per 100k: 3652.735304
- Sunland Park; Group: US; Population: 18268; Offences per 100k: 905.756835
- Batavia; Group: US; Population: 15168; Offences per 100k: 2181.818182
- Cohoes; Group: US; Population: 18518; Offences per 100k: 1288.377193
- Geneva; Group: US; Population: 12552; Offences per 100k: 3108.47099
- Hudson; Group: US; Population: 5721; Offences per 100k: 1895.652174
- Long Beach; Group: US; Population: 34918; Offences per 100k: 182.465896
- New York; Group: US; Population: 8478072; Offences per 100k: 3039.3
- Oneida; Group: US; Population: 10009; Offences per 100k: 3871.869075
- Rochester; Group: US; Population: 206108; Offences per 100k: 3871.553134
- Schenectady; Group: US; Population: 69471; Offences per 100k: 3774.959918
- Watertown; Group: US; Population: 23517; Offences per 100k: 4527.862167
- Angier; Group: US; Population: 8284; Offences per 100k: 987.091875
- Belmont; Group: US; Population: 16415; Offences per 100k: 3215.926493
- Burlington; Group: US; Population: 61496; Offences per 100k: 4037.369061
- Chapel Hill; Group: US; Population: 63565; Offences per 100k: 2686.758677
- Concord; Group: US; Population: 114598; Offences per 100k: 1264.273333
- Dallas; Group: US; Population: 6270; Offences per 100k: 2072.289157
- Elizabeth City; Group: US; Population: 19622; Offences per 100k: 2727.654217
- Fuquay-Varina; Group: US; Population: 48536; Offences per 100k: 649.295893
- Graham; Group: US; Population: 20131; Offences per 100k: 2226.720648
- Henderson; Group: US; Population: 15013; Offences per 100k: 7592.454871
- Holly Ridge; Group: US; Population: 5766; Offences per 100k: 887.198986
- King; Group: US; Population: 7977; Offences per 100k: 1276.041667
- Leland; Group: US; Population: 35731; Offences per 100k: 1079.548881
- Lumberton; Group: US; Population: 18955; Offences per 100k: 11620.474669
- Monroe; Group: US; Population: 42644; Offences per 100k: 3986.839061
- Mount Holly; Group: US; Population: 19033; Offences per 100k: 1754.480383
- Pineville; Group: US; Population: 11851; Offences per 100k: 9479.258605
- Roanoke Rapids; Group: US; Population: 14386; Offences per 100k: 4276.746913
- Salisbury; Group: US; Population: 36879; Offences per 100k: 4947.489334
- Smithfield; Group: US; Population: 13114; Offences per 100k: 4053.84376
- Tarboro; Group: US; Population: 10979; Offences per 100k: 3360.805861
- Washington; Group: US; Population: 9910; Offences per 100k: 3899.750416
- Williamston; Group: US; Population: 5086; Offences per 100k: 7569.082899
- Woodfin; Group: US; Population: 8229; Offences per 100k: 1257.626697
- Grand Forks; Group: US; Population: 60365; Offences per 100k: 2640.701468
- Valley City; Group: US; Population: 6430; Offences per 100k: 1100.749121
- Akron; Group: US; Population: 189691; Offences per 100k: 3775.309075
- Athens; Group: US; Population: 25313; Offences per 100k: 1059.592097
- Bay Village; Group: US; Population: 15792; Offences per 100k: 378.835712
- Bedford Heights; Group: US; Population: 10691; Offences per 100k: 2107.619136
- Bexley; Group: US; Population: 12452; Offences per 100k: 2532.9688
- Brook Park; Group: US; Population: 18195; Offences per 100k: 631.439016
- Cambridge; Group: US; Population: 10055; Offences per 100k: 2064.035441
- Celina; Group: US; Population: 10936; Offences per 100k: 1021.159154
- Cincinnati; Group: US; Population: 314367; Offences per 100k: 4674.918726
- Columbiana; Group: US; Population: 6756; Offences per 100k: 381.287579
- Deer Park; Group: US; Population: 5557; Offences per 100k: 866.453193
- Dover; Group: US; Population: 12947; Offences per 100k: 781.915305
- Eaton; Group: US; Population: 8327; Offences per 100k: 1426.671503
- Fairfield; Group: US; Population: 44682; Offences per 100k: 1659.292035
- Fremont; Group: US; Population: 15765; Offences per 100k: 2534.533012
- Girard; Group: US; Population: 9384; Offences per 100k: 1621.793513
- Groveport; Group: US; Population: 5818; Offences per 100k: 1166.840822
- Hilliard; Group: US; Population: 38898; Offences per 100k: 1050.79748
- Huron; Group: US; Population: 6585; Offences per 100k: 362.921518
- Kent; Group: US; Population: 27737; Offences per 100k: 1398.779247
- Lancaster; Group: US; Population: 41956; Offences per 100k: 2530.764987
- Louisville; Group: US; Population: 9874; Offences per 100k: 850.322713
- Martins Ferry; Group: US; Population: 6048; Offences per 100k: 747.011952
- Mayfield Heights; Group: US; Population: 19667; Offences per 100k: 318.310428
- Miamisburg; Group: US; Population: 20414; Offences per 100k: 1617.713968
- Mount Healthy; Group: US; Population: 6917; Offences per 100k: 2893.229549
- New Philadelphia; Group: US; Population: 17424; Offences per 100k: 627.807856
- Northwood; Group: US; Population: 5252; Offences per 100k: 2123.995408
- Oberlin; Group: US; Population: 8603; Offences per 100k: 1519.225598
- Orrville; Group: US; Population: 8461; Offences per 100k: 404.328695
- Perrysburg; Group: US; Population: 25441; Offences per 100k: 474.270809
- Powell; Group: US; Population: 18269; Offences per 100k: 919.571781
- Richmond Heights; Group: US; Population: 10475; Offences per 100k: 980.112285
- Sharonville; Group: US; Population: 13997; Offences per 100k: 2201.144016
- South Euclid; Group: US; Population: 21248; Offences per 100k: 2032.46295
- Stow; Group: US; Population: 33941; Offences per 100k: 1870.3205
- Sylvania; Group: US; Population: 18883; Offences per 100k: 803.824735
- Trotwood; Group: US; Population: 23190; Offences per 100k: 3516.05154
- University Heights; Group: US; Population: 13200; Offences per 100k: 1206.291037
- Van Wert; Group: US; Population: 11200; Offences per 100k: 3485.206027
- Washington Court House; Group: US; Population: 14375; Offences per 100k: 1305.283621
- West Jefferson; Group: US; Population: 4943; Offences per 100k: 1107.01107
- Willoughby; Group: US; Population: 24234; Offences per 100k: 1038.704093
- Xenia; Group: US; Population: 26425; Offences per 100k: 1738.962045
- Altus; Group: US; Population: 18707; Offences per 100k: 1735.346263
- Bixby; Group: US; Population: 32766; Offences per 100k: 857.233907
- Chickasha; Group: US; Population: 17313; Offences per 100k: 2161.49361
- Coweta; Group: US; Population: 11472; Offences per 100k: 725.15667
- Durant; Group: US; Population: 21552; Offences per 100k: 3376.498801
- Glenpool; Group: US; Population: 14705; Offences per 100k: 1599.395936
- Henryetta; Group: US; Population: 5620; Offences per 100k: 1498.929336
- Kingfisher; Group: US; Population: 5192; Offences per 100k: 2214.817719
- Miami; Group: US; Population: 12893; Offences per 100k: 3381.115612
- Newcastle; Group: US; Population: 15198; Offences per 100k: 960.519343
- Owasso; Group: US; Population: 43117; Offences per 100k: 1533.203589
- Pryor Creek; Group: US; Population: 9723; Offences per 100k: 2681.241621
- Sapulpa; Group: US; Population: 23695; Offences per 100k: 1577.90927
- Tahlequah; Group: US; Population: 17508; Offences per 100k: 2476.961906
- Verdigris; Group: US; Population: 5775; Offences per 100k: 510.290866
- Woodward; Group: US; Population: 11635; Offences per 100k: 1700.884804
- Astoria; Group: US; Population: 9838; Offences per 100k: 1956.039524
- Central Point; Group: US; Population: 19139; Offences per 100k: 1145.893015
- Dallas; Group: US; Population: 17890; Offences per 100k: 2344.843024
- Gladstone; Group: US; Population: 11865; Offences per 100k: 1871.295512
- Hood River; Group: US; Population: 8315; Offences per 100k: 2398.081535
- Klamath Falls; Group: US; Population: 22111; Offences per 100k: 3171.922779
- McMinnville; Group: US; Population: 34647; Offences per 100k: 1654.908109
- Molalla; Group: US; Population: 10104; Offences per 100k: 825.295814
- Pendleton; Group: US; Population: 16989; Offences per 100k: 3089.758343
- Redmond; Group: US; Population: 38547; Offences per 100k: 2562.960245
- Seaside; Group: US; Population: 7092; Offences per 100k: 4007.820137
- Sweet Home; Group: US; Population: 10308; Offences per 100k: 2847.457627
- Tualatin; Group: US; Population: 28139; Offences per 100k: 2843.601896
- Winston; Group: US; Population: 5680; Offences per 100k: 1985.242446
- Ambridge borough; Group: US; Population: 6890; Offences per 100k: 2686.131387
- Bellefonte borough; Group: US; Population: 6009; Offences per 100k: 0
- Birdsboro borough; Group: US; Population: 5116; Offences per 100k: 805.026507
- Bridgeport borough; Group: US; Population: 5401; Offences per 100k: 1700.240251
- Canonsburg borough; Group: US; Population: 9675; Offences per 100k: 271.115746
- Catasauqua borough; Group: US; Population: 6541; Offences per 100k: 1347.792409
- Clifton Heights borough; Group: US; Population: 6832; Offences per 100k: 1431.10062
- Columbia borough; Group: US; Population: 10278; Offences per 100k: 2326.471996
- Crafton borough; Group: US; Population: 5961; Offences per 100k: 2306.9529
- DuBois; Group: US; Population: 7254; Offences per 100k: 1610.904585
- Edinboro borough; Group: US; Population: 5440; Offences per 100k: 890.39987
- Ephrata borough; Group: US; Population: 13719; Offences per 100k: 932.0788
- Franklin; Group: US; Population: 5899; Offences per 100k: 2239.945698
- Greenville borough; Group: US; Population: 5523; Offences per 100k: 1316.752012
- Hazleton; Group: US; Population: 30286; Offences per 100k: 724.758137
- Huntingdon borough; Group: US; Population: 6897; Offences per 100k: 736.143187
- Kennett Square borough; Group: US; Population: 6243; Offences per 100k: 713.118407
- Lebanon; Group: US; Population: 26479; Offences per 100k: 1276.628177
- McKeesport; Group: US; Population: 16907; Offences per 100k: 4258.658009
- Middletown borough; Group: US; Population: 9632; Offences per 100k: 778.897082
- Monroeville municipality; Group: US; Population: 27966; Offences per 100k: 2540.265917
- Munhall borough; Group: US; Population: 10548; Offences per 100k: 1491.955144
- New Cumberland borough; Group: US; Population: 7580; Offences per 100k: 489.417989
- Northampton borough; Group: US; Population: 10587; Offences per 100k: 393.700787
- Olyphant borough; Group: US; Population: 5381; Offences per 100k: 408.769974
- Phoenixville borough; Group: US; Population: 19452; Offences per 100k: 526.67848
- Plymouth borough; Group: US; Population: 5770; Offences per 100k: 2745.438749
- Punxsutawney borough; Group: US; Population: 5665; Offences per 100k: 772.964228
- Schuylkill Haven borough; Group: US; Population: 5253; Offences per 100k: 950.028501
- Sharon Hill borough; Group: US; Population: 6002; Offences per 100k: 2154.15685
- South Williamsport borough; Group: US; Population: 6211; Offences per 100k: 684.556407
- Swarthmore borough; Group: US; Population: 6550; Offences per 100k: 749.808722
- Tyrone borough; Group: US; Population: 5312; Offences per 100k: 1400.984476
- West Hazleton borough; Group: US; Population: 5231; Offences per 100k: 947.592342
- Wilkes-Barre; Group: US; Population: 44523; Offences per 100k: 1988.520812
- Yeadon borough; Group: US; Population: 12181; Offences per 100k: 2102.44338
- Newport; Group: US; Population: 24251; Offences per 100k: 1666.867011
- Aiken; Group: US; Population: 33808; Offences per 100k: 4527.256856
- Bluffton; Group: US; Population: 36807; Offences per 100k: 943.91858
- Chester; Group: US; Population: 5324; Offences per 100k: 4834.996163
- Columbia; Group: US; Population: 147035; Offences per 100k: 4002.518003
- Florence; Group: US; Population: 41231; Offences per 100k: 4725.239695
- Georgetown; Group: US; Population: 8869; Offences per 100k: 4454.267256
- Hanahan; Group: US; Population: 22415; Offences per 100k: 1643.773925
- Lake City; Group: US; Population: 5940; Offences per 100k: 6552.130706
- Marion; Group: US; Population: 6028; Offences per 100k: 6189.776253
- Newberry; Group: US; Population: 10891; Offences per 100k: 3697.60205
- Port Royal; Group: US; Population: 16648; Offences per 100k: 1352.54858
- Spartanburg; Group: US; Population: 39978; Offences per 100k: 6709.028735
- Union; Group: US; Population: 8077; Offences per 100k: 7530.468249
- Aberdeen; Group: US; Population: 27961; Offences per 100k: 1678.331667
- Huron; Group: US; Population: 14607; Offences per 100k: 1804.613297
- Rapid City; Group: US; Population: 80589; Offences per 100k: 4511.036723
- Vermillion; Group: US; Population: 11720; Offences per 100k: 1345.995045
- Athens; Group: US; Population: 15263; Offences per 100k: 4287.912235
- Bristol; Group: US; Population: 28107; Offences per 100k: 2321.771954
- Clarksville; Group: US; Population: 188829; Offences per 100k: 2042.093564
- Columbia; Group: US; Population: 50072; Offences per 100k: 3060.315146
- Dickson; Group: US; Population: 17051; Offences per 100k: 2791.519435
- Fairview; Group: US; Population: 10877; Offences per 100k: 590.70122
- Germantown; Group: US; Population: 40001; Offences per 100k: 1344.584105
- Henderson; Group: US; Population: 6590; Offences per 100k: 776.276976
- Johnson City; Group: US; Population: 74943; Offences per 100k: 2704.708947
- Lafayette; Group: US; Population: 5919; Offences per 100k: 1840.28364
- Lebanon; Group: US; Population: 53412; Offences per 100k: 1378.429133
- McKenzie; Group: US; Population: 5632; Offences per 100k: 999.464573
- Maryville; Group: US; Population: 32442; Offences per 100k: 638.369702
- Millington; Group: US; Population: 12953; Offences per 100k: 4403.903267
- Munford; Group: US; Population: 6996; Offences per 100k: 1072.308361
- Oak Ridge; Group: US; Population: 35395; Offences per 100k: 1567.315312
- Pulaski; Group: US; Population: 8394; Offences per 100k: 2826.640786
- Sevierville; Group: US; Population: 19010; Offences per 100k: 3610.926786
- Smyrna; Group: US; Population: 63321; Offences per 100k: 2665.373952
- Sweetwater; Group: US; Population: 6706; Offences per 100k: 1717.44325
- Abilene; Group: US; Population: 131588; Offences per 100k: 2187.679908
- Allen; Group: US; Population: 113447; Offences per 100k: 984.727925
- Alvin; Group: US; Population: 30115; Offences per 100k: 1863.162229
- Aransas Pass; Group: US; Population: 8842; Offences per 100k: 2118.69107
- Aubrey; Group: US; Population: 8843; Offences per 100k: 1890.931885
- Bay City; Group: US; Population: 17488; Offences per 100k: 3424.303361
- Bee Cave; Group: US; Population: 8464; Offences per 100k: 2816.901408
- Benbrook; Group: US; Population: 24279; Offences per 100k: 2091.223448
- Bowie; Group: US; Population: 6113; Offences per 100k: 2081.639291
- Brookshire; Group: US; Population: 6090; Offences per 100k: 1943.402659
- Bryan; Group: US; Population: 91996; Offences per 100k: 1832.695462
- Burleson; Group: US; Population: 56907; Offences per 100k: 1259.7636
- Canyon; Group: US; Population: 16518; Offences per 100k: 728.520682
- Celina; Group: US; Population: 64427; Offences per 100k: 1466.767915
- Cleburne; Group: US; Population: 39942; Offences per 100k: 1454.43048
- Commerce; Group: US; Population: 9928; Offences per 100k: 1584.323536
- Corinth; Group: US; Population: 25297; Offences per 100k: 739.94014
- Crowley; Group: US; Population: 20954; Offences per 100k: 1688.628599
- Decatur; Group: US; Population: 9029; Offences per 100k: 1946.300856
- Denton; Group: US; Population: 169431; Offences per 100k: 1948.774041
- Dumas; Group: US; Population: 14862; Offences per 100k: 1755.001755
- El Campo; Group: US; Population: 12142; Offences per 100k: 2313.732041
- Euless; Group: US; Population: 60008; Offences per 100k: 2292.757049
- Farmers Branch; Group: US; Population: 38320; Offences per 100k: 2748.840292
- Forest Hill; Group: US; Population: 14056; Offences per 100k: 1742.796908
- Freeport; Group: US; Population: 10508; Offences per 100k: 1903.674091
- Galena Park; Group: US; Population: 10438; Offences per 100k: 897.790055
- Georgetown; Group: US; Population: 106907; Offences per 100k: 1361.182821
- Godley; Group: US; Population: 4402; Offences per 100k: 690.810132
- Granite Shoals; Group: US; Population: 5498; Offences per 100k: 396.039604
- Haltom City; Group: US; Population: 45542; Offences per 100k: 2075.057147
- Helotes; Group: US; Population: 10387; Offences per 100k: 1102.761784
- Hickory Creek; Group: US; Population: 6901; Offences per 100k: 927.920464
- Hitchcock; Group: US; Population: 7722; Offences per 100k: 2102.714413
- Hudson; Group: US; Population: 5288; Offences per 100k: 377.002828
- Hutchins; Group: US; Population: 8206; Offences per 100k: 3974.538115
- Irving; Group: US; Population: 257076; Offences per 100k: 2474.170745
- Jersey Village; Group: US; Population: 7729; Offences per 100k: 3439.608414
- Kaufman; Group: US; Population: 10717; Offences per 100k: 1606.385128
- Kermit; Group: US; Population: 6019; Offences per 100k: 631.399317
- Kirby; Group: US; Population: 8104; Offences per 100k: 2311.633138
- Lago Vista; Group: US; Population: 10498; Offences per 100k: 558.982267
- La Marque; Group: US; Population: 20324; Offences per 100k: 2799.440112
- La Porte; Group: US; Population: 37983; Offences per 100k: 1131.161503
- Leon Valley; Group: US; Population: 11424; Offences per 100k: 5572.810365
- Lindale; Group: US; Population: 7385; Offences per 100k: 1718.165443
- Lockhart; Group: US; Population: 18159; Offences per 100k: 1705.634343
- Lufkin; Group: US; Population: 34350; Offences per 100k: 2723.712666
- Magnolia; Group: US; Population: 6506; Offences per 100k: 525.920361
- Marlin; Group: US; Population: 5599; Offences per 100k: 1195.57459
- Mexia; Group: US; Population: 7091; Offences per 100k: 1489.485981
- Mineral Wells; Group: US; Population: 15983; Offences per 100k: 3018.699343
- Mount Pleasant; Group: US; Population: 16225; Offences per 100k: 2057.613169
- Navasota; Group: US; Population: 9904; Offences per 100k: 2557.029178
- North Richland Hills; Group: US; Population: 70843; Offences per 100k: 2455.495903
- Palmview; Group: US; Population: 15878; Offences per 100k: 1938.692012
- Pearland; Group: US; Population: 129930; Offences per 100k: 1535.979801
- Pharr; Group: US; Population: 80830; Offences per 100k: 1358.493375
- Port Arthur; Group: US; Population: 55804; Offences per 100k: 2258.245031
- Port Neches; Group: US; Population: 13768; Offences per 100k: 892.264582
- Red Oak; Group: US; Population: 20394; Offences per 100k: 2275.862069
- River Oaks; Group: US; Population: 7467; Offences per 100k: 1413.670052
- Rockport; Group: US; Population: 11348; Offences per 100k: 2017.857143
- Round Rock; Group: US; Population: 141282; Offences per 100k: 2071.443512
- Saginaw; Group: US; Population: 26706; Offences per 100k: 1637.032976
- San Juan; Group: US; Population: 37868; Offences per 100k: 1572.557647
- Seagoville; Group: US; Population: 21077; Offences per 100k: 1633.13493
- Sherman; Group: US; Population: 52417; Offences per 100k: 2266.428527
- Snyder; Group: US; Population: 11166; Offences per 100k: 2332.072753
- Stafford; Group: US; Population: 18043; Offences per 100k: 3520.473263
- Sweetwater; Group: US; Population: 10141; Offences per 100k: 1620.825147
- Texarkana; Group: US; Population: 36195; Offences per 100k: 2891.992918
- Town of Pecos; Group: US; Population: 10224; Offences per 100k: 1485.689316
- Uvalde; Group: US; Population: 15455; Offences per 100k: 2230.962667
- Vidor; Group: US; Population: 9597; Offences per 100k: 1530.402629
- Waxahachie; Group: US; Population: 50090; Offences per 100k: 1793.876846
- West University Place; Group: US; Population: 15149; Offences per 100k: 1046.195652
- Wichita Falls; Group: US; Population: 101951; Offences per 100k: 2968.996322
- Wolfforth; Group: US; Population: 7982; Offences per 100k: 695.674172
- Cedar City; Group: US; Population: 41871; Offences per 100k: 1159.880643
- Cottonwood Heights; Group: US; Population: 32265; Offences per 100k: 1702.435647
- Grantsville; Group: US; Population: 16472; Offences per 100k: 807.844105
- Kanab; Group: US; Population: 5291; Offences per 100k: 681.023376
- Logan; Group: US; Population: 55576; Offences per 100k: 1267.76385
- Nephi; Group: US; Population: 7488; Offences per 100k: 870.393037
- Park City; Group: US; Population: 8587; Offences per 100k: 2377.75881
- Price; Group: US; Population: 8368; Offences per 100k: 1196.95321
- Roosevelt; Group: US; Population: 7032; Offences per 100k: 1682.496608
- Salt Lake City; Group: US; Population: 218428; Offences per 100k: 6064.182438
- South Salt Lake; Group: US; Population: 26934; Offences per 100k: 6640.956421
- Tooele; Group: US; Population: 42270; Offences per 100k: 1705.361121
- West Valley City; Group: US; Population: 137491; Offences per 100k: 2311.472198
- Montpelier; Group: US; Population: 7823; Offences per 100k: 2297.551789
- Abingdon; Group: US; Population: 8284; Offences per 100k: 1696.750903
- Blacksburg; Group: US; Population: 45104; Offences per 100k: 791.533651
- Chesapeake; Group: US; Population: 255332; Offences per 100k: 2083.592487
- Culpeper; Group: US; Population: 22074; Offences per 100k: 1797.953244
- Farmville; Group: US; Population: 7593; Offences per 100k: 4092.550488
- Hampton; Group: US; Population: 137315; Offences per 100k: 3129.61622
- Lexington; Group: US; Population: 7769; Offences per 100k: 587.774295
- Marion; Group: US; Population: 5555; Offences per 100k: 2618.364419
- Petersburg; Group: US; Population: 33734; Offences per 100k: 3932.852287
- Radford; Group: US; Population: 17243; Offences per 100k: 1115.00661
- South Boston; Group: US; Population: 7795; Offences per 100k: 2977.955395
- Vienna; Group: US; Population: 16691; Offences per 100k: 910.321073
- Williamsburg; Group: US; Population: 15861; Offences per 100k: 1403.901106
- Airway Heights; Group: US; Population: 11811; Offences per 100k: 4268.237426
- Battle Ground; Group: US; Population: 23513; Offences per 100k: 1115.013169
- Blaine; Group: US; Population: 6475; Offences per 100k: 2347.565779
- Buckley; Group: US; Population: 5641; Offences per 100k: 1058.37075
- Chehalis; Group: US; Population: 7764; Offences per 100k: 4300.933842
- Connell; Group: US; Population: 5080; Offences per 100k: 685.689007
- East Wenatchee; Group: US; Population: 14414; Offences per 100k: 2234.517983
- Ephrata; Group: US; Population: 8834; Offences per 100k: 3107.085531
- Fircrest; Group: US; Population: 6959; Offences per 100k: 2086.068563
- Kenmore; Group: US; Population: 24249; Offences per 100k: 1072.028243
- Lake Forest Park; Group: US; Population: 13191; Offences per 100k: 1748.360912
- Longview; Group: US; Population: 38362; Offences per 100k: 3391.840607
- Mercer Island; Group: US; Population: 25422; Offences per 100k: 1277.85059
- Mountlake Terrace; Group: US; Population: 25430; Offences per 100k: 2384.811299
- North Bend; Group: US; Population: 8758; Offences per 100k: 2505.854801
- Othello; Group: US; Population: 9237; Offences per 100k: 2592.056959
- Port Townsend; Group: US; Population: 10678; Offences per 100k: 1884.30375
- Quincy; Group: US; Population: 8510; Offences per 100k: 3868.1781
- Sammamish; Group: US; Population: 66110; Offences per 100k: 567.14006
- Selah; Group: US; Population: 8678; Offences per 100k: 1182.277319
- Snoqualmie; Group: US; Population: 13640; Offences per 100k: 1115.718055
- Sultan; Group: US; Population: 7002; Offences per 100k: 702.512834
- Tukwila; Group: US; Population: 22003; Offences per 100k: 16170.63966
- Vancouver; Group: US; Population: 199698; Offences per 100k: 3989.525414
- Woodinville; Group: US; Population: 14548; Offences per 100k: 3071.573457
- Bluefield; Group: US; Population: 9158; Offences per 100k: 1516.970425
- Clarksburg; Group: US; Population: 15562; Offences per 100k: 2592.06059
- Huntington; Group: US; Population: 44815; Offences per 100k: 4402.585823
- Oak Hill; Group: US; Population: 7629; Offences per 100k: 2220.214276
- Vienna; Group: US; Population: 10321; Offences per 100k: 3462.53727
- Appleton; Group: US; Population: 75452; Offences per 100k: 1548.511977
- Beloit; Group: US; Population: 36649; Offences per 100k: 2605.503574
- Burlington; Group: US; Population: 10951; Offences per 100k: 1059.590654
- Cottage Grove; Group: US; Population: 8930; Offences per 100k: 567.346081
- De Pere; Group: US; Population: 25590; Offences per 100k: 643.7853
- Elm Grove; Group: US; Population: 6354; Offences per 100k: 495.920653
- Fox Crossing; Group: US; Population: 19362; Offences per 100k: 834.830392
- Grafton; Group: US; Population: 13389; Offences per 100k: 695.964967
- Hartford; Group: US; Population: 16005; Offences per 100k: 820.853437
- Janesville; Group: US; Population: 66929; Offences per 100k: 1984.995547
- La Crosse; Group: US; Population: 50784; Offences per 100k: 4102.725326
- Manitowoc; Group: US; Population: 34671; Offences per 100k: 1178.139293
- Menomonee Falls; Group: US; Population: 41291; Offences per 100k: 596.366903
- Middleton; Group: US; Population: 23115; Offences per 100k: 997.730484
- Mount Horeb; Group: US; Population: 7725; Offences per 100k: 283.687943
- New Berlin; Group: US; Population: 39953; Offences per 100k: 1055.093814
- Oconomowoc; Group: US; Population: 20119; Offences per 100k: 323.951142
- Platteville; Group: US; Population: 11815; Offences per 100k: 1641.147887
- Port Washington; Group: US; Population: 12658; Offences per 100k: 605.214153
- Ripon; Group: US; Population: 7738; Offences per 100k: 827.087103
- Sheboygan Falls; Group: US; Population: 8687; Offences per 100k: 916.758343
- Sparta; Group: US; Population: 9974; Offences per 100k: 3445.455475
- Summit; Group: US; Population: 5346; Offences per 100k: 421.940928
- Verona; Group: US; Population: 16821; Offences per 100k: 711.548987
- Waupaca; Group: US; Population: 6352; Offences per 100k: 1731.738035
- West Allis; Group: US; Population: 60119; Offences per 100k: 2234.038939
- Wisconsin Rapids; Group: US; Population: 18654; Offences per 100k: 2424.470487
- Evanston; Group: US; Population: 11705; Offences per 100k: 2021.483549
- Powell; Group: US; Population: 6574; Offences per 100k: 1459.293395
Where it breaks down
The relationship first breaks down when population is mistaken for crowding. In the United States, population is +0.27 across 4,134 places, but density is -0.01 across the 3,816 rows with land-area data. Larger US places tend to rank higher on recorded crime, while denser ones do not. The dataset cannot identify what population is marking, but it is not simply residents per square kilometre.
The Netherlands shows the opposite configuration: population is +0.51 and density +0.56 across all 337 municipalities. Belgium is also positive on both measures, +0.43 for population and +0.33 for density. Denmark's density coefficient is +0.60 across 97 complete rows, higher than its +0.41 population coefficient. Sweden is +0.37 for population and +0.23 for density.
Portugal is the clearest negative density case. Its population coefficient is close to flat at -0.07, while density is -0.18 across all 307 municipalities. Spain is +0.20 for population and +0.39 for density, but the density figure uses only 76 of 425 rows, so it may describe a selected subset rather than the full Spanish sample. Canada is negative on both measures, but its density coefficient is only -0.08 and n is 37.
Germany cannot cleanly arbitrate between size and density. Its packet coefficients are +0.19 for population and +0.03 for density, but 98.2% of rows use a district outcome against city-level predictors. Repeating one district rate across several cities both violates independence and gives more influence to districts represented by more city rows. The packet does not contain the district population needed to rebuild a valid district-level size comparison.
The extreme-decile table translates ranks into within-country contrasts. In the United States, the median rate is 1,147.7 per 100,000 in the smallest tenth and 2,566.2 in the largest, a ratio of 2.24. The Netherlands is 2,690 versus 5,520, a ratio of 2.05, and Belgium 4,309.3 versus 8,484.2, a ratio of 1.97. Those numbers remain inside their own reporting systems and cannot be compared across countries.
Canada's largest-city decile has 0.79 times the median of its smallest, and Portugal's ratio is 0.94. Both agree with their negative full-sample signs. The UK does not: Spearman is +0.23, but the two-city extreme groups produce a ratio of 0.62.
The UK contradiction is diagnostic, not a separate finding. Glasgow contributes a rate of 756.7 from a Scottish source system, while the other large-city observations are mostly from England and Wales. Removing Glasgow changes the tenth-to-tenth ratio from 0.62 to 1.17; using the largest and smallest fifths also gives 1.18. With only 23 rows and mixed recording systems, the packet does not support a stable UK city-size conclusion.
What this means if you are moving
“Choose a smaller town because it is safer” is too coarse to use as relocation advice. City population points in the same direction as recorded crime in many country samples, but the coefficient is weak in some, uncertain in others and built from the wrong geographic grain in Germany. It also says nothing about the offences or neighbourhoods relevant to you.
In the United States, population can be a rough screening clue, but density adds no equivalent signal. In the Netherlands, both size and density align with recorded-crime ranks, so choosing a smaller or less dense municipality may change the prior—but the city's own source record still matters more. In Portugal, population is nearly uninformative and density points modestly in the opposite direction.
A defensible workflow is to shortlist cities using work, housing and climate preferences, then compare their recorded-crime rates only within the same source system, period and geographic grain. Inspect offence categories, neighbourhood data and multi-year trends where available. ImmigrationDB can surface the rate and its metadata; population should remain context, not a substitute for direct city evidence.
Limits
This is a bivariate, cross-sectional analysis. It cannot show that city growth changes recorded crime or identify whether tourism, commuting, city-centre activity, policing intensity, reporting behaviour or administrative boundaries explain a coefficient. None of those mechanisms is measured.
The country samples are not fully comparable or fully independent. Crime definitions differ; dates do not always align; German district outcomes repeat; neighbouring places may share police jurisdictions and regional conditions; and the UK mixes Scottish and England-and-Wales records. Standard correlation tests do not correct for that clustering.
Sample size and coverage differ sharply. The US contributes more than half the packet, while the UK has 23 rows, Lithuania 30 and Canada 37. Spain's density result covers only 76 rows. The extreme deciles contain only two UK places and three Canadian or Lithuanian places, making those ratios sensitive to individual observations.
The export also contains implausibly small population fields for city-labelled Preston (585) and Weiden (81). They were retained because the packet supplies no verified replacement. Excluding them changes the corresponding country coefficients only modestly, but their presence confirms that entity and denominator quality must be checked before city-level use.
The unadjusted significance check is descriptive only: no confidence intervals, spatial model, multiple-comparison correction or causal controls are supplied. The estimates describe these exported rows, not every settlement or an individual's risk.
Method
We calculated Spearman's rank correlation between population and recorded crime per 100,000 separately within each country. Spearman measures whether higher population ranks tend to coincide with higher crime-rate ranks. It does not require a linear relationship and is less sensitive than Pearson to the extreme scale of city populations. Log-transforming population would not change Spearman because rank order is preserved.
Pearson is retained as a diagnostic. The United States is +0.27 by Spearman but +0.12 by Pearson; the UK is +0.23 by Spearman and -0.08 by Pearson. Divergence between the two indicates skew, non-linearity or sensitivity to particular observations and supports using ranks as the primary descriptive statistic.
Country population coefficients require at least 20 complete rows. Density coefficients require at least 20 density-complete rows, excluding Lithuania and the UK. For the unadjusted sensitivity test, the standard two-sided Spearman p-value was calculated within each reportable country; it was not corrected for spatial dependence or 11 simultaneous comparisons.
For Table 2, places were sorted by population within each country. Each extreme group contains the integer floor of 10% of the country sample: 413 per US group, 206 in Germany, 30 in Portugal, three in Canada and Lithuania, and two in the UK. The table reports each group's median crime rate and the largest-to-smallest ratio. The UK fifth-based check uses four observations per extreme group.
The pooled coefficient uses all 8,119 rows, including countries below the reporting floor, and is retained only to show why aggregation is misleading. Inherited parent-municipality values were excluded before export. No population weighting, missing-value imputation, cross-country rate standardisation or causal adjustment was applied.
FAQ
Are smaller cities safer than bigger cities?
Not as a universal rule. Population has a positive recorded-crime coefficient in nine of 11 reportable country samples, but the strength varies widely. Canada and Portugal are negative, although neither provides strong evidence of a dependable reversal. City size is therefore a screening clue, not a safety rule.
Does higher population density mean more recorded crime?
Not consistently. In the United States, population correlates with recorded crime at +0.27 while density is -0.01. Germany is +0.19 for population and +0.03 for density, but most German outcomes are district rates. In the Netherlands, both coefficients are positive at +0.51 and +0.56.
Why is Germany not a clean city-level result?
Of Germany's 2,061 rows, 2,024 attach a district-level crime rate to a city population. Several cities can therefore share one outcome, and districts containing more listed cities receive more weight. The coefficient describes this exported city-district matching, not a direct comparison of municipal crime rates.
Why do the UK coefficient and decile comparison disagree?
The UK sample has only 23 cities, so each extreme decile contains two observations. Its +0.23 Spearman coefficient uses all ranks, while the largest-decile median is pulled down by Glasgow's separately sourced value. Using the largest and smallest fifths instead of tenths reverses the decile result.
What crime data should I check before choosing a city?
Check the city's own recorded-crime rate, observation year, geographic grain and offence definition, then compare it with places covered by the same reporting system. Where available, add offence categories, neighbourhood patterns and multi-year trends. Population and density cannot substitute for those city-specific details.
Sources
The packet contains 2,017 source records from police agencies, statistical offices, population authorities and geographic data providers. The publisher-level ledger below preserves the labels in sources.csv; each link opens one representative record from that publisher family.
- BBSR; Bundeskriminalamt (BKA), Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik — All recorded crimes per 100,000 residents in the BBSR/PKS Kreis indicator. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-16.
- Belgian Federal Police / DGR/DRI/BIPOL — Belgian Federal Police — recorded total offences by municipality, Q4 2025 — 436 source records; grade B; checked 2026-07-26.
- Budapest Police Headquarters / Budapest Municipality — BRFK — Report on 2025 activity and Budapest public safety — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG) — Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG) — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS) — Reproducible density from BFS STATPOP permanent population at 31.12.2024 divided by the exact official BFS municipality area denominator (2013-2018; FJ=2013; area observed_at=2013). — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2024-12-31.
- Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) — PKS 2024 T01 Grundtabelle - Fälle mit Häufigkeitszahl (HZ) - Städte — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-16.
- Bundeskriminalamt / Statistik Austria — Bundeskriminalamt and Statistik Austria — 2025 Vienna offences and 2026 population — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- CBS — CBS Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2025, municipality-grain passenger-car universe (Personenauto's totaal) divided by the same-table municipality population. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-15.
- California Department of Water Resources, Division of Integrated Regional Water Management (BIOS) — California Department of Water Resources, Division of Integrated Regional Water Management (BIOS) — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- Census Reporter (underlying U.S. Census ACS) — Census Reporter (underlying U.S. Census ACS) — 30 source records; grade B; checked 2026-08-03.
Show 100 more sources
- Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau — Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau — 404 source records; grade B; checked 2026-08-03.
- Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia — CSB Latvia IRS031 — population at the beginning of year in regions, cities, towns and municipalities — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Czech Statistical Office — Statistical Yearbook of Prague 2025 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Czech Statistical Office (CZSO) — CZSO official Prague statistical material — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-18.
- Danmarks Statistik — DST KOM kommunekode source register; exact municipality row keyed by kommunekode. — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-12 to 2026-07-14.
- Danmarks Statistik (DST) — Derived municipality density from DST population and ARE207 registered municipal area. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-01-01.
- Destatis — Official municipality population divided by official municipality area from the same Destatis row. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2024-12-31.
- Eurostat (ESTAT) — Population on the 1st of January, total — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-16.
- Eurostat GISCO / Eurostat Urban Audit — Eurostat GISCO / Eurostat Urban Audit — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-08-02.
- FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting — FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-04.
- FBI Crime Data Explorer, Crime in the United States 2024, Table 8 — FBI Crime Data Explorer, Crime in the United States 2024, Table 8 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- GUS BDL / GUGiK — Reproducible gmina density for Warszawa: population_total_2024 / official area_2024, rounded to the metric contract precision 0. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2024-12-31.
- Hungarian Central Statistical Office — Population by type of settlement, 1 January — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH) — KSH official table for population_density_per_km2 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-18.
- INE — Official INE 2024 municipality population divided by official INE 2024 municipality area. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2024-01-01.
- INE Portugal — Official INE municipality profile: population density for Lisboa municipality, reference year 2022. — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-15.
- INE Portugal / reproducible local derivation — Reproducible derived density from the same-period INE populationTotal divided by areaKm2; no external density number was substituted. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-15.
- ISTAT — Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-15.
- Information Centre of the Ministry of the Interior / Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia — Official Statistics Portal Latvia — NOR023 recorded crimes and crime rates 2021–2025 — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-29 to 2026-07-30.
- Information Technology and Communications Department, Lithuania — Information Technology and Communications Department Lithuania — crime statistics — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), Portugal — INE — Taxa de criminalidade (‰) por Localização geográfica (NUTS 2013) e Categoria de crime; Anual, indicador 0008074, categoria Total, ano 2022 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-31.
- Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) — Resident population by age and sex, 1 January 2026 estimate — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Kantonspolizei Bern / Bundesamt für Statistik — Kantonspolizei Bern / BFS — Bern Gemeinde PKS 2025 total — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Korean National Police Agency / Seoul Metropolitan Government / Statistics Korea — Korean National Police Agency / Seoul Metropolitan Police / Statistics Korea — 2024 registered crime and population — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia / U.S. Census Bureau — Population denominator used in MPD 2024 crime-rate table — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-16.
- Ministerio del Interior / Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad — MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-16.
- National Records of Scotland — National Records of Scotland — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- Office for National Statistics — Office for National Statistics — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-04.
- Office for National Statistics via Nomis — Office for National Statistics via Nomis — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- Police of the Czech Republic / Czech Statistical Office — Czech Police and CZSO — Prague 2025 registered criminal offences and population — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Polizei Berlin — Polizei Berlin Kriminalitätsatlas — HZ 2024 Berlin (PKS gesamt) — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Roma Capitale, Ufficio di Statistica / Istat — Roma Capitale — Annuario statistico 2024, Chapter 15, Table 15.1 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad, Ministerio del Interior, Spain — Balance de Criminalidad 2024 Q4 — III. Total infracciones penales, municipal rows — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Seoul Metropolitan Government — Seoul 100 Statistics — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-22.
- Spanish Ministry of Interior / Criminality Statistics Portal — Spanish Ministry of Interior / Criminality Statistics Portal — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- Statbel / Statistics Belgium — Official resident population by Belgian municipality on 1 January 2026; Total column. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-01-01.
- State Data Agency of Lithuania (LSD) — State Data Agency of Lithuania (LSD) — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- State Data Agency of Lithuania (Statistics Lithuania) — Statistics Lithuania OSP — resident population by county and municipality — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Statistics Austria — Population and citizenship by administrative unit, 1 January 2026 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Canada — Statistics Canada — Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2024 — 38 source records; grades A/B; checked 2021-05-11 to 2026-07-26.
- Statistics Denmark — StatBank Denmark STRAF11 — reported criminal offences, municipality, all offence types — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-27 to 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Denmark and official Danish public authorities — DK official material for crime_incidents_per_100k — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-18.
- Statistics Finland — Statistics Finland municipal offences recorded, table 13ex — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Statistics Netherlands (CBS) — CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 2024 — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-26 to 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Norway — Statistics Norway — offences reported to the police, national and Oslo comparator — same-period scope evidence repair — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Norway (SSB) — SSB 11342 ArealKm2 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-15.
- Statistics Poland — Population by territorial unit, 2021 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Poland, Statistical Office in Warsaw — Statistics Poland — Statistical Yearbook of Warsaw 2024, Table 1 (31) — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Sweden (SCB) — Official SCB population density per square kilometre at municipality grain. SCB states that it uses the population figure at 31 December with the following 1 January land-area figure. — 3 source records; grade A; checked 2025-12-31 to 2026-07-29.
- Statistik Austria — Reproducible Gemeinde density from archived official population_total 2025-01-01 divided by official 2025 Gemeinde geometry area. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2025-01-01.
- Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis) — Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis) — 4 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-12 to 2026-08-05.
- Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis) / Statistical Offices of the Länder — Zensus 2022 regional tables — Germany municipalities — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå) — Brå — reported offences by municipality, 2025 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- U.S. Census Bureau (Population Estimates Program) — U.S. Census Bureau (Population Estimates Program) — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-08-03.
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program — U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program — 3 source records; grade A; checked 2026-08-03 to 2026-08-05.
- U.S. Census Bureau, TIGERweb Census 2020 — U.S. Census Bureau, TIGERweb Census 2020 — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- Unknown publisher — Information Technology and Communications Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania — 4 source records; grade A; checked 2026-08-04.
- api.scb.se — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- api.stat.gov.lv — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- data.gov.lv — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- dst_by1_2025 — Statistics Denmark official Population 1 January by municipality, age and sex; summed over all ages and sexes. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- get.data.gov.lt — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- no_ssb_07459_population — SSB table 07459 — Population by region, 1 January 2026 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- official authority — Belgium official denominator source — 987 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1000037 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1000041 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1003126 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1003134 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1005090 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1005121 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1005138 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1006385 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1010463 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1013094 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1013140 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1019042 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1019053 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1021452 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q174800 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q221412 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q304464 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q368867 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q425410 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q438263 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q449526 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q492475 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q551649 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q551684 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q552580 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q564762 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q635165 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q641715 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q647467 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q700311 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q769062 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q861589 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q985519 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q986093 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q988863 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q995188 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.