The unemployment–crime link changes sharply by country
City-level data cannot show that unemployment causes crime. Across 7,310 places in the 11 country samples with at least 20 observations, every Spearman coefficient is positive, but the range runs from +0.004 in the United Kingdom to +0.683 in Sweden. Spain, Canada, Lithuania and Portugal are also near zero. A shared sign is not a shared relationship.
What we measured
We tested whether places with higher published unemployment rates also tend to rank higher on recorded offences per 100,000 residents inside the same country. The unit is a place, not a person. Spearman’s coefficient describes whether the two city rankings move together; it does not measure the effect of unemployment on crime.
Unemployment is not one harmonised measure. Some sources publish registered unemployment, others labour-force-survey estimates, and the observation windows range from a single date to a multi-year American Community Survey period. The rates can support within-country ordering under one source definition, but they must not be used to rank national labour markets against one another.
Recorded crime is not all crime and is not a direct safety score. It reflects offences recorded and released by public authorities, so reporting, detection, legal definitions, police practice and geographic boundaries can alter the rate. A Swedish value and a Spanish value do not become comparable merely because both are expressed per 100,000.
The ecological fallacy applies directly. A city-level association says nothing about whether any individual unemployed person commits, experiences or reports an offence. This article makes no inference about individual behaviour in either direction.
The packet contains 7,339 rows across 20 countries. Eleven countries meet the pre-set floor of 20 complete observations and contribute 7,310 rows to the country results; nine below-floor countries contribute 29 rows only to the pooled diagnostic. The data combine official police, statistical-office and population sources.
Geographic grain is mixed. Crime is city grain in 5,839 rows, German kreis_nuts3 district grain in 1,118, Spanish municipality grain in 378 and US police-agency service-area grain in four. Unemployment is labelled city grain in 7,334 rows, regional_context in three UK rows, and a special Eurostat city label in two rows. Inherited parent-municipality values were excluded before export.
Observation periods also diverge. Belgium pairs 2011 unemployment with 2025 recorded crime; Portugal is mostly 2026 unemployment against 2022 crime; the UK uses 2018 city unemployment or 2023 regional context against 2024 crime. The Netherlands aligns both measures to 2024; Denmark pairs November 2025 unemployment with 2025 crime, while Sweden is approximately one year apart. These are cross-sectional pairings, not synchronized panels.
What the data shows
The pooled Spearman coefficient is +0.340 across all 7,339 rows, but it is not an average country relationship. It re-ranks places after combining 20 non-equivalent systems. The United States supplies 58.6% of the packet; the United States and Germany together supply 74.3%. The pooled value is therefore dominated by sample composition and is retained only as an aggregation warning.
Three countries form the strong end: Sweden at +0.683 across 200 places, the Netherlands at +0.647 across 337 and Belgium at +0.646 across 426. Denmark is +0.421 across 97. In those samples, higher unemployment ranks substantially coincide with higher recorded-crime ranks.
The United States is moderate at +0.319 across 4,298 places, and Germany is +0.277 across 1,155. Both are numerically important because they dominate the row count, but neither can stand in for the other countries. Germany also carries the packet’s largest grain problem: 1,118 of 1,155 outcomes are district rates attached to city unemployment values.
At the other end, Portugal is +0.044, Lithuania +0.029, Canada +0.021, Spain +0.013 and the United Kingdom +0.004. The UK coefficient is based on only 25 places and must not be described as proof of no relationship. It is a near-zero estimate in a small, mixed-period sample.
An unadjusted rank test returns p<0.05 for six positive coefficients: Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, the United States and Germany. The other five do not pass that descriptive check. Spatial clustering, repeated German district outcomes and multiple country tests violate the assumptions needed to treat those p-values as formal national inference.
The strong cases are not an artefact of rank correlation alone. Pearson is +0.665 in Sweden, +0.732 in the Netherlands and +0.608 in Belgium. Portugal is more method-sensitive: Spearman is +0.044 while Pearson is +0.160, indicating that a small number of raw-value contrasts influence a linear coefficient more than the overall rank ordering.
Quartile contrasts tell the same heterogeneous story in plain units. Using inclusive 25th- and 75th-percentile cutoffs, the median recorded-crime rate in the high-unemployment group is 1.94 times the low group in the United States, 1.80 in the Netherlands, 1.77 in Belgium and 1.45 in Sweden. The ratios are 1.06 in Spain, 1.05 in Portugal and 1.02 in the UK; Lithuania is 0.94. These ratios stay within each reporting system.
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Figure conclusion: Unemployment against the recorded-crime rate, by country. Every coefficient is positive; the strengths differ by more than a hundredfold.
| Mark | Group | Value | Unit | Sample/note | Exact detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | US | 0.331 | coefficient | 4,457 cities | US; Group: US; Value: 0.331 coefficient; 4,457 cities |
| BE | BE | 0.652 | coefficient | 487 cities | BE; Group: BE; Value: 0.652 coefficient; 487 cities |
| ES | ES | 0.01 | coefficient | 427 cities | ES; Group: ES; Value: 0.01 coefficient; 427 cities |
| NL | NL | 0.647 | coefficient | 337 cities | NL; Group: NL; Value: 0.647 coefficient; 337 cities |
| PT | PT | 0.044 | coefficient | 280 cities | PT; Group: PT; Value: 0.044 coefficient; 280 cities |
| SE | SE | 0.683 | coefficient | 200 cities | SE; Group: SE; Value: 0.683 coefficient; 200 cities |
| NO | NO | 0.356 | coefficient | 181 cities | NO; Group: NO; Value: 0.356 coefficient; 181 cities |
| DE | DE | 0.314 | coefficient | 125 cities | DE; Group: DE; Value: 0.314 coefficient; 125 cities |
| DK | DK | 0.421 | coefficient | 97 cities | DK; Group: DK; Value: 0.421 coefficient; 97 cities |
| FI | FI | 0.551 | coefficient | 63 cities | FI; Group: FI; Value: 0.551 coefficient; 63 cities |
| PL | PL | -0.249 | coefficient | 61 cities | PL; Group: PL; Value: -0.249 coefficient; 61 cities |
| UK | UK | 0.324 | coefficient | 53 cities | UK; Group: UK; Value: 0.324 coefficient; 53 cities |
| CA | CA | 0.021 | coefficient | 37 cities | CA; Group: CA; Value: 0.021 coefficient; 37 cities |
| LT | LT | 0.029 | coefficient | 30 cities | LT; Group: LT; Value: 0.029 coefficient; 30 cities |
| Country | Cities | Spearman | Pearson | Median unemployment | Median crime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | 4,457 | 0.33 | 0.26 | 4.7% | 1,589.1 |
| BE | 487 | 0.65 | 0.61 | 5.8% | 5,310.6 |
| ES | 427 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 5.2% | 4,560.9 |
| NL | 337 | 0.65 | 0.73 | 3.1% | 3,100 |
| PT | 280 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 2.3% | 2,745 |
| SE | 200 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 10.5% | 9,985.5 |
| NO | 181 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 1.7% | 4,450 |
| DE | 125 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 7.5% | 8,649.2 |
| DK | 97 | 0.42 | 0.34 | 2.5% | 5,719.7 |
| FI | 63 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 11.5% | 8,849 |
| PL | 61 | -0.25 | -0.17 | 3.9% | 2,452 |
| UK | 53 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 4.6% | 9,692.6 |
| CA | 37 | 0.02 | -0.13 | 10.3% | 5,283 |
| LT | 30 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 8.5% | 1,494.8 |
| Country | Cities | Unemployment | City size |
|---|---|---|---|
| US | 4,339 | 0.33 | 0.28 |
| BE | 487 | 0.65 | 0.44 |
| ES | 427 | 0.01 | 0.20 |
| NL | 331 | 0.65 | 0.52 |
| PT | 252 | 0.04 | -0.06 |
| SE | 199 | 0.68 | 0.37 |
| NO | 181 | 0.36 | 0.44 |
| DE | 117 | 0.31 | 0.27 |
| DK | 97 | 0.42 | 0.42 |
| FI | 63 | 0.55 | 0.39 |
| UK | 50 | 0.32 | 0.25 |
| CA | 36 | 0.02 | -0.27 |
| LT | 30 | 0.03 | 0.64 |
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Figure conclusion: Every paired city: unemployment rate against offences per 100,000 residents. The unit is a city, and a city-level association says nothing about any individual.
- Aartselaar; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.08; Offences per 100k: 4534.3
- Brasschaat; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.95; Offences per 100k: 6159
- Hove (Anvers); Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.51; Offences per 100k: 4607.1
- Mortsel; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.81; Offences per 100k: 6906.3
- Schilde; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.8; Offences per 100k: 4014.5
- Wuustwezel; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.54; Offences per 100k: 4844.3
- Bonheiden; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.29; Offences per 100k: 3088.2
- Malines; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 6.65; Offences per 100k: 8652.5
- Arendonk; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 5.42; Offences per 100k: 5936.2
- Geel; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.91; Offences per 100k: 6290.7
- Hoogstraten; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.02; Offences per 100k: 6046.6
- Merksplas; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.51; Offences per 100k: 5371.1
- Retie; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.14; Offences per 100k: 3925.1
- Westerlo; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.65; Offences per 100k: 5154.9
- Bruxelles; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 19.17; Offences per 100k: 24103.8
- Ixelles; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 14.8; Offences per 100k: 14235.9
- Saint-Josse-ten-Noode; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 24.06; Offences per 100k: 14302.1
- Woluwe-Saint-Lambert; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 9.39; Offences per 100k: 6684.3
- Grimbergen; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.52; Offences per 100k: 5346.211741
- Liedekerke; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.66; Offences per 100k: 6137.158353
- Opwijk; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 2.71; Offences per 100k: 4083.142742
- Vilvorde; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 6.58; Offences per 100k: 7714.195384
- Kraainem; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.73; Offences per 100k: 5615.241369
- Affligem; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 4600.395575
- Bierbeek; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 2.23; Offences per 100k: 4632.618189
- Haacht; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.02; Offences per 100k: 4633.92627
- Huldenberg; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 2.71; Offences per 100k: 2816.622037
- Louvain; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.25; Offences per 100k: 12442.192503
- Tirlemont; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.98; Offences per 100k: 7580.437932
- Tielt-Winge; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.05; Offences per 100k: 3765.942778
- Chaumont-Gistoux; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 7.59; Offences per 100k: 4489
- Ittre; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 6.47; Offences per 100k: 9684.9
- Perwez (Nivelles); Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 6.29; Offences per 100k: 5423
- Wavre; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 8.63; Offences per 100k: 8638.6
- Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 8.74; Offences per 100k: 8355.6
- Blankenberge; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 9.03; Offences per 100k: 12713.9
- Torhout; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.67; Offences per 100k: 4438.9
- Koekelare; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.58; Offences per 100k: 3646.2
- Zonnebeke; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.17; Offences per 100k: 3042.9
- Deerlijk; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.05; Offences per 100k: 4117.2
- Menin; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 5.65; Offences per 100k: 6989
- Gistel; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.97; Offences per 100k: 4513.1
- De Haan; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 6.96; Offences per 100k: 6434.3
- Ledegem; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.19; Offences per 100k: 3919.6
- Dentergem; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 2.94; Offences per 100k: 2799.2
- Wingene; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 2.32; Offences per 100k: 2949.5
- Furnes; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.79; Offences per 100k: 6635.8
- Herzele; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.69; Offences per 100k: 4141.8
- Erpe-Mere; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.89; Offences per 100k: 4285.5
- Laarne; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.07; Offences per 100k: 4119.8
- Zele; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.82; Offences per 100k: 6073.1
- Maldegem; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.83; Offences per 100k: 5030.7
- Gavere; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.01; Offences per 100k: 3401.1
- Deinze; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.02; Offences per 100k: 6315.2
- Brakel; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.82; Offences per 100k: 3810.4
- Zwalin; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 3.16; Offences per 100k: 3403.4
- Lokeren; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 5.34; Offences per 100k: 7285.3
- Ellezelles; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 7.32; Offences per 100k: 3993.9
- Chapelle-lez-Herlaimont; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 16.61; Offences per 100k: 7410.4
- Fleurus; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 14.25; Offences per 100k: 6793.4
- Pont-à-Celles; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 8.98; Offences per 100k: 5269.121813
- Frameries; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 17.15; Offences per 100k: 8164.1
- Quiévrain; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 17.89; Offences per 100k: 9834.4
- Braine-le-Comte; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 10.43; Offences per 100k: 6775.8
- Manage; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 17.16; Offences per 100k: 7501.3
- Lobbes; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 8.71; Offences per 100k: 5596.6
- Celles (Tournai); Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 6.36; Offences per 100k: 4675.5
- Tournai; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 11.67; Offences per 100k: 9602.4
- Comines-Warneton; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 10; Offences per 100k: 7114.7
- Amay; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 13.14; Offences per 100k: 6812.5
- Marchin; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 9.61; Offences per 100k: 4007
- Ans; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 13.85; Offences per 100k: 7369.8
- Chaudfontaine; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 9.14; Offences per 100k: 5797.8
- Herstal; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 17; Offences per 100k: 9042
- Seraing; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 19.09; Offences per 100k: 10153.8
- Blegny; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 8.02; Offences per 100k: 4933.9
- Bullange; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 2.75; Offences per 100k: 2628.2
- Herve; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 8.65; Offences per 100k: 6284.4
- Malmedy; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 9.32; Offences per 100k: 5550
- Stavelot; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 9.55; Offences per 100k: 5608.6
- Plombières; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 8.17; Offences per 100k: 3821.7
- Saint-Georges-sur-Meuse; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 11.44; Offences per 100k: 6257
- Genk; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 9.33; Offences per 100k: 7894.2
- Lummen; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.28; Offences per 100k: 6808.2
- Heusden-Zolder; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 6.01; Offences per 100k: 3987.8
- Kinrooi; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 5; Offences per 100k: 3591.9
- Hechtel-Eksel; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.39; Offences per 100k: 5859.9
- Lanaken; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 6.07; Offences per 100k: 5782.1
- Attert; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.04; Offences per 100k: 2026.1
- Vaux-sur-Sûre; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 4.68; Offences per 100k: 3211.2
- Marche-en-Famenne; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 10.72; Offences per 100k: 11401.1
- Libin; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 7.06; Offences per 100k: 4173.6
- Chiny; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 8.98; Offences per 100k: 4672.5
- Anhée; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 8.92; Offences per 100k: 4835.1
- Hamois; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 7.17; Offences per 100k: 4292.2
- Yvoir; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 7.53; Offences per 100k: 4168.5
- Floreffe; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 7.17; Offences per 100k: 5960.2
- Ohey; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 7.98; Offences per 100k: 3372.9
- Jemeppe-sur-Sambre; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 12.17; Offences per 100k: 6256.5
- Florennes; Group: BE; Unemployment (%): 12.08; Offences per 100k: 7932.5
- Fredericton; Group: CA; Unemployment (%): 8.6; Offences per 100k: 5314
- Moncton; Group: CA; Unemployment (%): 9.1; Offences per 100k: 7129
- Saint John; Group: CA; Unemployment (%): 10.9; Offences per 100k: 4417
- Gatineau; Group: CA; Unemployment (%): 9.3; Offences per 100k: 3756
- Chilliwack; Group: CA; Unemployment (%): 6.6; Offences per 100k: 11352
- Saguenay; Group: CA; Unemployment (%): 5.5; Offences per 100k: 3366
- Halifax; Group: CA; Unemployment (%): 11.4; Offences per 100k: 6020
- Calgary; Group: CA; Unemployment (%): 12.5; Offences per 100k: 4796
- Braunschweig; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 5.7; Offences per 100k: 8447
- Dusseldorf; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 7.7; Offences per 100k: 12172
- Muelheim an der Ruhr; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 8; Offences per 100k: 6313.1298828125
- Bonn; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 7; Offences per 100k: 10116
- Bielefeld; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 8.9; Offences per 100k: 8264
- Frankfurt am Main; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 6.5; Offences per 100k: 14590.3896484375
- Stuttgart; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 5.7; Offences per 100k: 8552
- Augsburg; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 6; Offences per 100k: 7298
- Chemnitz; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 8.9; Offences per 100k: 8268.5595703125
- Erfurt; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 6.3; Offences per 100k: 8977.509765625
- Wittorf; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 5.9; Offences per 100k: 18117.78
- Munich; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 5.6; Offences per 100k: 6214
- Pirmasens; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 9.503; Offences per 100k: 9218.2900390625
- Schwerin; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 7.642; Offences per 100k: 9339.849609375
- Paderborn; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 7.147; Offences per 100k: 8444.998041720974
- Wolfsburg; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 7.037; Offences per 100k: 6915.3798828125
- Bottrop; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 6.291; Offences per 100k: 6957
- Bergisch Gladbach; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 6.441; Offences per 100k: 5755.370140244985
- Siegen; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 7.416; Offences per 100k: 8031.220009009538
- Cologne; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 7.092; Offences per 100k: 12480.9404296875
- Flensburg; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 9.13; Offences per 100k: 10057.4697265625
- Neumuenster; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 7.151; Offences per 100k: 16077
- Aschaffenburg; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 6.7; Offences per 100k: 6632.52978515625
- Schweinfurt; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 6.9; Offences per 100k: 7799.919921875
- Speyer; Group: DE; Unemployment (%): 5.95; Offences per 100k: 14304.0400390625
- Aabenraa; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2.4; Offences per 100k: 7809.987134
- Allerød; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 1.6; Offences per 100k: 5277.686801
- Brøndby; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 4.2; Offences per 100k: 9214.550854
- Egedal; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2; Offences per 100k: 4915.477438
- Faxe; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2.7; Offences per 100k: 5139.08099
- Frederikssund; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2.2; Offences per 100k: 5682.239296
- Greve; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2.5; Offences per 100k: 7525.6917
- Hedensted; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2.1; Offences per 100k: 4725.10924
- Hjørring; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2.7; Offences per 100k: 5175.184234
- Hørsholm; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2.4; Offences per 100k: 5698.753398
- Kalundborg; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2; Offences per 100k: 5478.229405
- Langeland; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 3.4; Offences per 100k: 4137.29128
- Lyngby-Taarbæk; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2.6; Offences per 100k: 7355.64922
- Nordfyns; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 3.3; Offences per 100k: 5577.115423
- Randers; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 3; Offences per 100k: 6566.61743
- Roskilde; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2.4; Offences per 100k: 7591.806081
- Skive; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 1.6; Offences per 100k: 5234.282714
- Stevns; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 3; Offences per 100k: 4322.880601
- Thisted; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 1.9; Offences per 100k: 3871.057001
- Vejle; Group: DK; Unemployment (%): 2.3; Offences per 100k: 6989.648602
- Barcelona; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 7.13; Offences per 100k: 10329.64
- Pamplona/Iruña; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 8.54; Offences per 100k: 7454.15
- Almería; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 20.14; Offences per 100k: 4868.39
- Vícar; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 13.44; Offences per 100k: 4747.7
- Rinconada, La; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 7.11; Offences per 100k: 3175.5
- Huesca; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 12.51; Offences per 100k: 4027.13
- Vilassar de Mar; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 2.92; Offences per 100k: 3080.99
- Huelva; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 19.45; Offences per 100k: 5408.61
- Vila-real; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.48; Offences per 100k: 2711.523
- Rincón de la Victoria; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.67; Offences per 100k: 3446.3
- Lloret de Mar; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 2.36; Offences per 100k: 7638.5
- Ronda; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 6.06; Offences per 100k: 4579.83
- Sant Feliu de Guíxols; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.06; Offences per 100k: 5310.2
- Huércal-Overa; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.94; Offences per 100k: 3328.64
- Vic; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.99; Offences per 100k: 5170.6
- Almansa; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.8; Offences per 100k: 2771.71
- Terrassa; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 11; Offences per 100k: 4288.44
- Vitoria-Gasteiz; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 8.59; Offences per 100k: 4916.014
- Hernani; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.87; Offences per 100k: 3571.6
- Avilés; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 11.17; Offences per 100k: 3097.5
- Ciudad Real; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 15.91; Offences per 100k: 4022.725
- Mollet del Vallès; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 9.77; Offences per 100k: 4798.88
- Sueca; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.93; Offences per 100k: 6418.54
- Cornellà de Llobregat; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.92; Offences per 100k: 5919.92
- Martorell; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.08; Offences per 100k: 5535.48
- Sant Feliu de Llobregat; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.16; Offences per 100k: 3842.85
- Viladecans; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 8.59; Offences per 100k: 4570.29
- Segovia; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.13; Offences per 100k: 3976.71
- Rota; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.28; Offences per 100k: 5234.84
- San Andrés del Rabanedo; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.97; Offences per 100k: 3854.91
- Estrada, A; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.46; Offences per 100k: 2214.61
- Cangas; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.15; Offences per 100k: 3724.64
- Vall d'Uixó, la; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.97; Offences per 100k: 3697.78
- Algemesí; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.78; Offences per 100k: 4973.54
- Manresa; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 12.17; Offences per 100k: 6008.65
- Catarroja; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.79; Offences per 100k: 3894.9
- Pobla de Vallbona, la; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.5; Offences per 100k: 4017.59
- Motril; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.79; Offences per 100k: 4242.69
- Puçol; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.8; Offences per 100k: 3089.49
- Plasencia; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.95; Offences per 100k: 3806.27
- Écija; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 6.8; Offences per 100k: 3651.126
- Requena; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.51; Offences per 100k: 5163.93
- Adeje; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.88; Offences per 100k: 12657.03
- Borriana/Burriana; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.03; Offences per 100k: 5834.103
- Altea; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.61; Offences per 100k: 5934.15
- Lorca; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 9.05; Offences per 100k: 3706.211
- Ferrol; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 12.11; Offences per 100k: 4752.56
- Orihuela; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.69; Offences per 100k: 5338.221
- Torrejón de Ardoz; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 10.04; Offences per 100k: 3766.73
- Arrasate/Mondragón; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.85; Offences per 100k: 3461.024
- Mijas; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.06; Offences per 100k: 6223.88
- Torrelavega; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.76; Offences per 100k: 4393.86
- Adra; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.27; Offences per 100k: 4503.23
- Roquetas de Mar; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.81; Offences per 100k: 5869.75
- Vila-seca; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 2.98; Offences per 100k: 6900.03
- Torrelodones; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 2.47; Offences per 100k: 4649.23
- Armilla; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 22.02; Offences per 100k: 7163.94
- Icod de los Vinos; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 7.23; Offences per 100k: 1836.52
- Puente Genil; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 6.32; Offences per 100k: 3664.52
- Ponteareas; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.36; Offences per 100k: 3591.14
- Puerto de la Cruz; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 15.02; Offences per 100k: 8264.02
- Don Benito; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.68; Offences per 100k: 3708.12
- Calahorra; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.62; Offences per 100k: 5473.99
- Pájara; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 2.89; Offences per 100k: 6315.35
- Errenteria; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.54; Offences per 100k: 4441.96
- Villanueva de la Serena; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.97; Offences per 100k: 3137.6
- Durango; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.9; Offences per 100k: 3730.72
- Almonte; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.51; Offences per 100k: 7935.49
- Santa Lucía de Tirajana; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 14.18; Offences per 100k: 3896.34
- Camas; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 8.72; Offences per 100k: 5242.99
- Leganés; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.03; Offences per 100k: 4656.23
- Tomelloso; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 6.03; Offences per 100k: 3663.44
- Conil de la Frontera; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.91; Offences per 100k: 4875.81
- Valdemoro; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 9.14; Offences per 100k: 5127.71
- San Roque; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 7.38; Offences per 100k: 5095.06
- Sevilla; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 12.1; Offences per 100k: 7439.69
- Palma; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 12.14; Offences per 100k: 8235.98
- Ribeira; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.47; Offences per 100k: 5252.48
- Erandio; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.11; Offences per 100k: 6005.19
- Vinaròs; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.4; Offences per 100k: 6086.017
- Seseña; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 4.45; Offences per 100k: 5294.22
- Cártama; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.87; Offences per 100k: 3891.62
- Torre-Pacheco; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.21; Offences per 100k: 4677.066
- Pilar de la Horadada; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.07; Offences per 100k: 6830.893
- Ontinyent; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 5.93; Offences per 100k: 3030.47
- Novelda; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 6.15; Offences per 100k: 2998.51
- Bétera; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 3.86; Offences per 100k: 3668.79
- Ourense; Group: ES; Unemployment (%): 11.6; Offences per 100k: 4339.74
- Seinäjoki; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 9.2; Offences per 100k: 8268.9
- Pietarsaari; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 10.8; Offences per 100k: 8377.6
- Nokia; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 11; Offences per 100k: 7358.5
- Hyvinkää; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 11.5; Offences per 100k: 8062.8
- Vantaa; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 13.3; Offences per 100k: 13981.8
- Rauma; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 10.1; Offences per 100k: 7939.8
- Lappeenranta; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 14; Offences per 100k: 9722.2
- Oulu; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 13.7; Offences per 100k: 8793.8
- Nurmijärvi; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 8.5; Offences per 100k: 7383.2
- Raahe; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 13.1; Offences per 100k: 6605.6
- Kontiolahti; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 10.9; Offences per 100k: 5560.3
- Pirkkala; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 8.7; Offences per 100k: 7028.8
- Siilinjärvi; Group: FI; Unemployment (%): 9.7; Offences per 100k: 7386.3
- Kaunas; Group: LT; Unemployment (%): 6.05; Offences per 100k: 1666.2
- Ukmergės municipality; Group: LT; Unemployment (%): 8.5; Offences per 100k: 1239.9
- Šiaulių municipality; Group: LT; Unemployment (%): 7.9; Offences per 100k: 1321
- Jonavos municipality; Group: LT; Unemployment (%): 10.9; Offences per 100k: 1750.6
- Kauno municipality; Group: LT; Unemployment (%): 9.7; Offences per 100k: 1666.2
- Vilnius; Group: LT; Unemployment (%): 4.72; Offences per 100k: 1929.2
- Hellendoorn; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2340
- Olst-Wijhe; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2160
- Steenwijkerland; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 2620
- Baarn; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.3; Offences per 100k: 3960
- De Ronde Venen; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 2890
- Stichtse Vecht; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.2; Offences per 100k: 3860
- Lopik; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2060
- Woudenberg; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2530
- Kapelle; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.6; Offences per 100k: 2420
- Sluis; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 3110
- Apeldoorn; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.3; Offences per 100k: 4530
- Purmerend; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.4; Offences per 100k: 3720
- Wageningen; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 4.4; Offences per 100k: 3350
- Teylingen; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3; Offences per 100k: 3250
- Zaltbommel; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.2; Offences per 100k: 3720
- Doesburg; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.7; Offences per 100k: 2690
- Zeewolde; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 3020
- Hoogeveen; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.6; Offences per 100k: 4120
- Zoeterwoude; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2390
- Epe; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 3010
- Ooststellingwerf; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.4; Offences per 100k: 1740
- Ede; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 3650
- Aalten; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 1760
- Vijfheerenlanden; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 3000
- West Betuwe; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 3060
- Voorst; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2840
- Noordwijk; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 3480
- Rijswijk (ZH.); Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.8; Offences per 100k: 5730
- Hoeksche Waard; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2610
- Overbetuwe; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2980
- West Maas en Waal; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2330
- Wijchen; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3; Offences per 100k: 3190
- Nijkerk; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2690
- Westerveld; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 1930
- Zwolle; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.5; Offences per 100k: 5320
- Waddinxveen; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3; Offences per 100k: 3140
- Midden-Drenthe; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2380
- Gouda; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.6; Offences per 100k: 5100
- Bodegraven-Reeuwijk; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 4090
- Oldebroek; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2070
- Heumen; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 2700
- Scherpenzeel; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 1880
- Montferland; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 2330
- Eijsden-Margraten; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2440
- Valkenburg aan de Geul; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 5030
- Stein (L.); Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.2; Offences per 100k: 2640
- Nederweert; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2490
- Kerkrade; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.8; Offences per 100k: 5140
- Brunssum; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.7; Offences per 100k: 4610
- Alphen-Chaam; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.7; Offences per 100k: 2170
- Bernheze; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2610
- Breda; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.5; Offences per 100k: 5870
- Eersel; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 3050
- Gemert-Bakel; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2960
- Heeze-Leende; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.7; Offences per 100k: 3070
- Loon op Zand; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.7; Offences per 100k: 3570
- Oosterhout; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 3540
- Sint-Michielsgestel; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2190
- Veldhoven; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 3410
- Zundert; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2210
- Beverwijk; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.5; Offences per 100k: 4920
- Diemen; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 4.3; Offences per 100k: 4920
- Haarlem; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 4; Offences per 100k: 5750
- Heiloo; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.2; Offences per 100k: 2770
- Koggenland; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2400
- Opmeer; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 2160
- Uitgeest; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2780
- Wormerland; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 3.1; Offences per 100k: 2380
- Dalfsen; Group: NL; Unemployment (%): 2.7; Offences per 100k: 1680
- Alta; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.8; Offences per 100k: 6450
- Asker; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.8; Offences per 100k: 4500
- Austevoll; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.3; Offences per 100k: 2870
- Bergen; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.9; Offences per 100k: 6410
- Brønnøy; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.2; Offences per 100k: 4210
- Elverum; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.8; Offences per 100k: 6940
- Flekkefjord; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.7; Offences per 100k: 3400
- Gausdal; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1; Offences per 100k: 2190
- Gloppen; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.9; Offences per 100k: 2760
- Halden; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 2.6; Offences per 100k: 9000
- Harstad; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 0.9; Offences per 100k: 5060
- Hole; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 2.3; Offences per 100k: 4200
- Indre Fosen; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.7; Offences per 100k: 3600
- Klepp; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.3; Offences per 100k: 4270
- Kristiansund; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.6; Offences per 100k: 6330
- Levanger; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.2; Offences per 100k: 4150
- Lindesnes; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.7; Offences per 100k: 5880
- Lyngdal; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.2; Offences per 100k: 4810
- Midt-Telemark; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 2.2; Offences per 100k: 4380
- Moss; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 2.5; Offences per 100k: 5890
- Nes; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 2.1; Offences per 100k: 3650
- Nord-Fron; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.1; Offences per 100k: 3940
- Orkland; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.7; Offences per 100k: 5450
- Østre Toten; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.5; Offences per 100k: 3390
- Råde; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 2.2; Offences per 100k: 5660
- Rauma; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.2; Offences per 100k: 4860
- Sandefjord; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 2.3; Offences per 100k: 6140
- Skaun; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.3; Offences per 100k: 4000
- Søndre Land; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 2.2; Offences per 100k: 2820
- Stange; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.5; Offences per 100k: 4360
- Strand; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.4; Offences per 100k: 3540
- Surnadal; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.3; Offences per 100k: 2420
- Tønsberg; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 2.3; Offences per 100k: 6890
- Tynset; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.4; Offences per 100k: 5000
- Vadsø; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 2; Offences per 100k: 5710
- Vestby; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.7; Offences per 100k: 4630
- Vindafjord; Group: NO; Unemployment (%): 1.3; Offences per 100k: 4900
- Bielsko-Biała; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 2.5; Offences per 100k: 2431
- Częstochowa; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 3.9; Offences per 100k: 2193
- Gliwice; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 3.3; Offences per 100k: 3073
- Jelenia Góra; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 3.4; Offences per 100k: 4598
- Kraków; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 2.6; Offences per 100k: 2546
- Lublin; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 4.2; Offences per 100k: 2363
- Piekary Śląskie; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 4.6; Offences per 100k: 2027
- Radom; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 8; Offences per 100k: 2325
- Siedlce; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 3.9; Offences per 100k: 1943
- Sosnowiec; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 4.1; Offences per 100k: 2249
- Tarnów; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 4.5; Offences per 100k: 2760
- Wrocław; Group: PL; Unemployment (%): 2.2; Offences per 100k: 2879
- Lisbon; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 3; Offences per 100k: 5090
- Chamusca; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.16; Offences per 100k: 3020
- Constância; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.98; Offences per 100k: 2360
- Mourão; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 5.78; Offences per 100k: 6230
- Mesão Frio; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 4.53; Offences per 100k: 3920
- Mira; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.03; Offences per 100k: 2940
- Vouzela; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.97; Offences per 100k: 2590
- Vila Viçosa; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.77; Offences per 100k: 2420
- Caminha; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.67; Offences per 100k: 3990
- São Pedro do Sul; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.65; Offences per 100k: 2100
- Mora; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.79; Offences per 100k: 3250
- Amadora; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.37; Offences per 100k: 3330
- Vila do Bispo; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.19; Offences per 100k: 4920
- Barcelos; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.06; Offences per 100k: 1990
- Águeda; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.14; Offences per 100k: 2380
- Óbidos; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.49; Offences per 100k: 2880
- Cadaval; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.39; Offences per 100k: 2860
- Sines; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 3.18; Offences per 100k: 4610
- Mealhada; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.58; Offences per 100k: 2650
- Ovar; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.28; Offences per 100k: 2670
- Vila Nova de Poiares; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.88; Offences per 100k: 1550
- Alter do Chão; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 4.63; Offences per 100k: 4210
- Amares; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.18; Offences per 100k: 2430
- Arcos de Valdevez; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.76; Offences per 100k: 3540
- Vila Real; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 3.41; Offences per 100k: 2330
- Vila Nova de Foz Côa; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.15; Offences per 100k: 3340
- Cabeceiras de Basto; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 2260
- Vieira do Minho; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.44; Offences per 100k: 2370
- Celorico de Basto; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.83; Offences per 100k: 2240
- Vidigueira; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 3.54; Offences per 100k: 4420
- Póvoa de Lanhoso; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.4; Offences per 100k: 3090
- Ferreira do Alentejo; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.96; Offences per 100k: 4310
- São João da Madeira; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 3.15; Offences per 100k: 2590
- Loulé; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.74; Offences per 100k: 4960
- Alcochete; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.07; Offences per 100k: 3100
- Paredes; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.52; Offences per 100k: 2090
- Fronteira; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.94; Offences per 100k: 1920
- Arraiolos; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.48; Offences per 100k: 2420
- Alandroal; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.49; Offences per 100k: 2220
- Guarda; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.04; Offences per 100k: 2550
- Seia; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 3200
- Avis; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.52; Offences per 100k: 8080
- Torres Novas; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.16; Offences per 100k: 3200
- Matosinhos; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.98; Offences per 100k: 2910
- Palmela; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 3.03; Offences per 100k: 3310
- Penedono; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.87; Offences per 100k: 2000
- Borba; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.7; Offences per 100k: 2700
- Vila Franca de Xira; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.58; Offences per 100k: 2360
- Oeiras; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.98; Offences per 100k: 2380
- Aljustrel; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 3.07; Offences per 100k: 3020
- Pombal; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.82; Offences per 100k: 2100
- Grândola; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.36; Offences per 100k: 5070
- Mafra; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.55; Offences per 100k: 2620
- Tábua; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.75; Offences per 100k: 2120
- Maia; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 2.21; Offences per 100k: 2840
- Reguengos de Monsaraz; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 3.26; Offences per 100k: 3420
- Penamacor; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 1.87; Offences per 100k: 4320
- Idanha-a-Nova; Group: PT; Unemployment (%): 4.39; Offences per 100k: 4840
- Hallstahammar; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 12.3; Offences per 100k: 11181
- Sollentuna; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 11.3; Offences per 100k: 11473
- Strängnäs; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 10.6; Offences per 100k: 9362
- Danderyd; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 6.7; Offences per 100k: 10914
- Österåker; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 8; Offences per 100k: 8653
- Stockholm; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 11.4; Offences per 100k: 19159
- Åstorp; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 16.7; Offences per 100k: 11700
- Norrköping; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 14.5; Offences per 100k: 12832
- Kalmar; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 11.4; Offences per 100k: 12771
- Jönköping; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 10.1; Offences per 100k: 9782
- Nyköping; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 13.2; Offences per 100k: 13635
- Luleå; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 8; Offences per 100k: 10493
- Höör; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 9.5; Offences per 100k: 9506
- Uddevalla; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 12.8; Offences per 100k: 11041
- Öckerö; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 5.4; Offences per 100k: 5696
- Orust; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 7.1; Offences per 100k: 7573
- Mariestad; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 8.6; Offences per 100k: 9869
- Ekerö; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 6.7; Offences per 100k: 8477
- Kungsbacka; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 6.4; Offences per 100k: 7590
- Nykvarn; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 7.9; Offences per 100k: 8113
- Mark; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 9.2; Offences per 100k: 7688
- Tjörn; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 6.1; Offences per 100k: 6269
- Landskrona; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 16.9; Offences per 100k: 14578
- Ludvika; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 11.3; Offences per 100k: 8143
- Trelleborg; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 12.9; Offences per 100k: 10142
- Staffanstorp; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 9.4; Offences per 100k: 7863
- Oskarshamn; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 9.9; Offences per 100k: 9451
- Tranås; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 11.9; Offences per 100k: 10355
- Oxelösund; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 13; Offences per 100k: 11120
- Falkenberg; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 10.7; Offences per 100k: 9428
- Torsby; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 7.6; Offences per 100k: 8310
- Tanum; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 8; Offences per 100k: 9886
- Bjuv; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 15.8; Offences per 100k: 13809
- Hagfors; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 9.1; Offences per 100k: 7739
- Kävlinge; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 9.3; Offences per 100k: 8343
- Skurup; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 11.2; Offences per 100k: 9901
- Tingsryd; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 10.6; Offences per 100k: 11139
- Heby; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 11.7; Offences per 100k: 9497
- Östhammar; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 7.4; Offences per 100k: 6656
- Kiruna; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 5.3; Offences per 100k: 8566
- Sundbyberg; Group: SE; Unemployment (%): 12; Offences per 100k: 14369
- Swindon; Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 2.6; Offences per 100k: 6916.42
- Southend-on-Sea; Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 2.14; Offences per 100k: 9645.571533
- Reading; Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 4.31; Offences per 100k: 9794.595067
- Oxford; Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 4.4; Offences per 100k: 9634.21
- Milton Keynes; Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 4.93; Offences per 100k: 8775.548901
- Leicester; Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 5.24; Offences per 100k: 11001.472906
- Harrow; Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 7; Offences per 100k: 5908.76
- Derby; Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 4.08; Offences per 100k: 11150.870512
- Burnley; Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 6.37; Offences per 100k: 10560.1
- Bolton; Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 5.3; Offences per 100k: 9808.48
- Watford (Watford); Group: UK; Unemployment (%): 4.2; Offences per 100k: 8634.75
- Camilla; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.895757; Offences per 100k: 1678.846534
- Indianapolis; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.080925; Offences per 100k: 4213.9
- Marksville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.105921; Offences per 100k: 5417.891642
- Whiteville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.23741; Offences per 100k: 8508.809626
- Collingswood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.526565; Offences per 100k: 3159.4163
- Lindenwold; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.583443; Offences per 100k: 2515.326361
- Somerdale; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.682416; Offences per 100k: 5533.110838
- Brookhaven; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.468573; Offences per 100k: 2846.460017
- Folcroft; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.320174; Offences per 100k: 2798.868543
- Lansdowne; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.415324; Offences per 100k: 1743.293289
- Sharon Hill; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 16.569066; Offences per 100k: 2154.15685
- Brady; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.02331; Offences per 100k: 1096.224117
- North Andover; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7; Offences per 100k: 705.179528
- Easton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.5; Offences per 100k: 522.739153
- Hamden; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 3548.774788
- Milford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.404961; Offences per 100k: 2212.381042
- North Branford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 717.22077
- Plainville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.9; Offences per 100k: 1576.78245
- Southington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.5; Offences per 100k: 1580.423727
- Wethersfield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.415055; Offences per 100k: 1429.468474
- Wolcott; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 201.477502
- Watseka; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.828954; Offences per 100k: 1547.779273
- Adams; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.266222; Offences per 100k: 1510.003775
- Ashland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6; Offences per 100k: 774.084089
- Billerica; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6; Offences per 100k: 512.614571
- Charlton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3; Offences per 100k: 453.481568
- Danvers; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.710512; Offences per 100k: 1617.621145
- Dudley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9; Offences per 100k: 290.384137
- Easthampton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.707323; Offences per 100k: 669.461303
- Grafton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4; Offences per 100k: 244.331509
- Hanson; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.074573; Offences per 100k: 324.91645
- Holden; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5; Offences per 100k: 314.929633
- Lancaster; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6; Offences per 100k: 768.892794
- Ludlow; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2; Offences per 100k: 788.584303
- Mashpee; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3; Offences per 100k: 727.663883
- Mendon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5; Offences per 100k: 416.281221
- Millbury; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4; Offences per 100k: 1556.393076
- Nantucket; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.125828; Offences per 100k: 1115.694097
- Northborough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.852154; Offences per 100k: 200.312989
- Plainville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6; Offences per 100k: 2029.648791
- Saugus; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.841898; Offences per 100k: 1651.816313
- Southborough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4; Offences per 100k: 282.485876
- Sutton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3; Offences per 100k: 466.659753
- Wakefield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.356975; Offences per 100k: 584.038609
- Webster; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.936043; Offences per 100k: 1437.681808
- Westminster; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9; Offences per 100k: 745.399488
- Winchester; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.777649; Offences per 100k: 400.206558
- Eliot; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.269734; Offences per 100k: 199.707096
- Old Orchard Beach; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.763463; Offences per 100k: 1147.006209
- Yarmouth; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.525947; Offences per 100k: 509.074812
- Bedford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.5; Offences per 100k: 870.547859
- Hanover; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.187321; Offences per 100k: 450.849368
- Litchfield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2; Offences per 100k: 164.435048
- New Ipswich; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.8; Offences per 100k: 738.416097
- Rindge; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5; Offences per 100k: 784.313725
- Windham; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5; Offences per 100k: 241.366506
- Bernardsville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.345816; Offences per 100k: 636.068845
- Cliffside Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.418284; Offences per 100k: 769.967439
- Eatontown; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.668424; Offences per 100k: 2108.389013
- Fanwood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.719175; Offences per 100k: 744.544288
- Glen Rock; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.995682; Offences per 100k: 632.552104
- Jamesburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.482881; Offences per 100k: 393.095197
- Leonia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.005613; Offences per 100k: 515.409698
- Matawan; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.12458; Offences per 100k: 20.498104
- Milltown; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.452325; Offences per 100k: 1351.541602
- New Milford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.415094; Offences per 100k: 498.233011
- Oakland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.40134; Offences per 100k: 370.828183
- Palmyra; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.464954; Offences per 100k: 2064.464571
- Ringwood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.849354; Offences per 100k: 215.090768
- Rumson; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.542967; Offences per 100k: 392.872176
- Tenafly; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.839908; Offences per 100k: 472.461329
- Washington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.010906; Offences per 100k: 734.394125
- Woodcliff Lake; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 12.030323; Offences per 100k: 735.294118
- Ambridge; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.414172; Offences per 100k: 2686.131387
- Bethel Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.758203; Offences per 100k: 689.89199
- California; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.835031; Offences per 100k: 1577.350859
- Clarion; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.76378; Offences per 100k: 789.177001
- Crafton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.439887; Offences per 100k: 2306.9529
- Edinboro; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.398883; Offences per 100k: 890.39987
- Greenville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.742345; Offences per 100k: 1316.752012
- Indiana; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.592832; Offences per 100k: 855.47364
- Latrobe; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.446429; Offences per 100k: 914.053574
- Middletown; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.407514; Offences per 100k: 778.897082
- Mount Joy; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.25026; Offences per 100k: 431.189364
- New Cumberland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.984998; Offences per 100k: 489.417989
- Olyphant; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.704387; Offences per 100k: 408.769974
- Plum; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.780611; Offences per 100k: 214.190094
- Sayre; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.870748; Offences per 100k: 589.695841
- Souderton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.127893; Offences per 100k: 889.801506
- Sugarcreek; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.690319; Offences per 100k: 533.845825
- West View; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.132656; Offences per 100k: 990.721812
- Bristol; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5; Offences per 100k: 242.565807
- Hopkinton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0; Offences per 100k: 387.005981
- North Providence; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.6; Offences per 100k: 739.339252
- Warren; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4; Offences per 100k: 850.611377
- Colchester; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3; Offences per 100k: 1975.364705
- Bisbee; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 13.573701; Offences per 100k: 737.198645
- Manitou Springs; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.795544; Offences per 100k: 1784.140969
- Sitka; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.782232; Offences per 100k: 830.724777
- St Johnsbury; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.162633; Offences per 100k: 2276.094276
- Alabaster; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.5024; Offences per 100k: 1609.944977
- Arab; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2098; Offences per 100k: 3805.803571
- Bay Minette; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.2115; Offences per 100k: 2045.884579
- Chickasaw; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5844; Offences per 100k: 2585.929971
- Decatur; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4538; Offences per 100k: 2915.54158
- Fairhope; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.491; Offences per 100k: 1260.569389
- Fultondale; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3299; Offences per 100k: 3010.594776
- Guntersville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.0778; Offences per 100k: 2776.567944
- Homewood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.2595; Offences per 100k: 2105.149907
- Jacksonville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.4786; Offences per 100k: 2268.431002
- Loxley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.3528; Offences per 100k: 2736.169363
- Monroeville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.2879; Offences per 100k: 829.216655
- Muscle Shoals; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3041; Offences per 100k: 3165.533398
- Orange Beach; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.8303; Offences per 100k: 2202.236827
- Phenix City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3565; Offences per 100k: 4248.101662
- Rainbow City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.3356; Offences per 100k: 1013.317892
- Saraland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6386; Offences per 100k: 1787.337171
- Sheffield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.2233; Offences per 100k: 2413.793103
- Talladega; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 12.6288; Offences per 100k: 3982.179575
- Tuscumbia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.7166; Offences per 100k: 510.425717
- Anchorage municipality; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5823; Offences per 100k: 3780.692645
- Kenai; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.4365; Offences per 100k: 1095.40186
- Wasilla; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.2005; Offences per 100k: 2871.09375
- Bullhead City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.5375; Offences per 100k: 2647.815495
- Coolidge; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 14.1056; Offences per 100k: 1834.681397
- Flagstaff; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6913; Offences per 100k: 2695.170934
- Goodyear; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1775; Offences per 100k: 1645.108305
- Maricopa; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9816; Offences per 100k: 1093.712805
- Paradise Valley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.1269; Offences per 100k: 1069.131833
- Prescott Valley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7833; Offences per 100k: 993.817983
- Sedona; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1823; Offences per 100k: 1612.412534
- Tempe; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4907; Offences per 100k: 3364.058189
- Wickenburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.4477; Offences per 100k: 970.873786
- Barling; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.826; Offences per 100k: 1695.86284
- Bentonville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1425; Offences per 100k: 1083.310151
- Camden; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.7778; Offences per 100k: 5137.157107
- De Queen; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8448; Offences per 100k: 1933.977993
- Fort Smith; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.5375; Offences per 100k: 4526.712382
- Hope; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0069; Offences per 100k: 3907.637655
- Lowell; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.3804; Offences per 100k: 897.308076
- Maumelle; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.8356; Offences per 100k: 1296.372207
- Newport; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.7087; Offences per 100k: 1725.200246
- Pocahontas; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5895; Offences per 100k: 3129.890454
- Sheridan; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.907; Offences per 100k: 1651.480638
- Texarkana; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.5301; Offences per 100k: 4397.90217
- Warren; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.4374; Offences per 100k: 1361.602801
- Agoura Hills; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.1656; Offences per 100k: 1019.293775
- American Canyon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5696; Offences per 100k: 1566.111609
- Arcadia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7083; Offences per 100k: 3050.733187
- Atascadero; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5956; Offences per 100k: 1148.728314
- Azusa; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0762; Offences per 100k: 1754.570067
- Beaumont; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9225; Offences per 100k: 1222.343848
- Benicia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5301; Offences per 100k: 1163.811195
- Brea; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.0977; Offences per 100k: 3075.601726
- Burlingame; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6754; Offences per 100k: 2208.951172
- Calipatria; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.3014; Offences per 100k: 299.003322
- Carlsbad; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5136; Offences per 100k: 1710.271361
- Ceres; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.1629; Offences per 100k: 2244.995531
- Chowchilla; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.555; Offences per 100k: 1866.283839
- Clearlake; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 14.7541; Offences per 100k: 2413.162706
- Colton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.4928; Offences per 100k: 2498.447877
- Corcoran; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.1092; Offences per 100k: 1539.095781
- Cotati; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.65; Offences per 100k: 1247.119425
- Cupertino; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.027; Offences per 100k: 1678.04878
- Davis; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.2624; Offences per 100k: 2397.568835
- Dixon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8524; Offences per 100k: 1561.694671
- East Palo Alto; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.1121; Offences per 100k: 2526.840907
- Elk Grove; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.3972; Offences per 100k: 1421.758603
- Encinitas; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5035; Offences per 100k: 1156.117166
- Fairfax; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.2431; Offences per 100k: 1073.077968
- Folsom; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.2881; Offences per 100k: 1635.481475
- Fountain Valley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6499; Offences per 100k: 1962.710323
- Galt; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0978; Offences per 100k: 1883.282957
- Glendora; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0525; Offences per 100k: 2167.453598
- Grass Valley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.3663; Offences per 100k: 2686.567164
- Gustine; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.2974; Offences per 100k: 1199.474203
- Healdsburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.7877; Offences per 100k: 1743.765811
- Highland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1839; Offences per 100k: 1857.479977
- Huntington Beach; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4216; Offences per 100k: 2196.432047
- Inglewood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.2818; Offences per 100k: 4288.996933
- Kerman; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.4478; Offences per 100k: 1851.956731
- Laguna Beach; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9925; Offences per 100k: 1116.888989
- La Habra Heights; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.8305; Offences per 100k: 853.404134
- Lakewood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.1988; Offences per 100k: 3038.350387
- La Puente; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.2251; Offences per 100k: 1700.133126
- Lemon Grove; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5837; Offences per 100k: 1516.745891
- Livingston; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.6453; Offences per 100k: 1778.70959
- Los Alamitos; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.1634; Offences per 100k: 2185.01465
- Los Gatos; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9716; Offences per 100k: 1580.369486
- Mammoth Lakes; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3081; Offences per 100k: 1659.461721
- Marysville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.2288; Offences per 100k: 2805.960685
- Menlo Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7744; Offences per 100k: 2009.532397
- Modesto; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.2044; Offences per 100k: 3070.459838
- Monterey Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0559; Offences per 100k: 2384.718122
- Morro Bay; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.9859; Offences per 100k: 1082.415496
- Newark; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3246; Offences per 100k: 4343.546731
- Novato; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9032; Offences per 100k: 1607.553943
- Ojai; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5791; Offences per 100k: 1038.855909
- Orland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.0304; Offences per 100k: 1152.702033
- Palmdale; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.316; Offences per 100k: 2415.981583
- Palos Verdes Estates; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7406; Offences per 100k: 812.419562
- Patterson; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7474; Offences per 100k: 1231.807305
- Pinole; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2347; Offences per 100k: 2457.673403
- Pleasant Hill; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8489; Offences per 100k: 4260.711411
- Poway; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.1765; Offences per 100k: 717.453146
- Rancho Santa Margarita; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0544; Offences per 100k: 604.825455
- Redwood City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.099; Offences per 100k: 2092.180864
- Rio Vista; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.8945; Offences per 100k: 628.005103
- Rocklin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4617; Offences per 100k: 1068.226016
- Sacramento; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.5564; Offences per 100k: 3302.257581
- San Buenaventura (Ventura); Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8122; Offences per 100k: 2616.474577
- San Francisco; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0927; Offences per 100k: 4525.6
- San Juan Capistrano; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6167; Offences per 100k: 1242.056615
- San Mateo; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5637; Offences per 100k: 2126.509822
- Santa Barbara; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7522; Offences per 100k: 2458.079713
- Santa Maria; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.2892; Offences per 100k: 2543.250709
- Saratoga; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9838; Offences per 100k: 688.709954
- Seaside; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9038; Offences per 100k: 1345.81249
- Signal Hill; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9449; Offences per 100k: 6830.502349
- Sonoma; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7017; Offences per 100k: 1332.325428
- South San Francisco; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.8029; Offences per 100k: 1859.261759
- Susanville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.2541; Offences per 100k: 1837.540787
- Thousand Oaks; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3644; Offences per 100k: 1122.888455
- Tulare; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.6007; Offences per 100k: 2414.596382
- Union City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.2781; Offences per 100k: 2643.178692
- Victorville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.1036; Offences per 100k: 3144.488237
- Walnut Creek; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9997; Offences per 100k: 3178.409487
- Westlake Village; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3748; Offences per 100k: 2070.727444
- Williams; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 17.2219; Offences per 100k: 1506.557958
- Yorba Linda; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.6557; Offences per 100k: 858.421543
- Alamosa; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3972; Offences per 100k: 5723.803755
- Boulder; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0067; Offences per 100k: 3055.278293
- Castle Rock; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3649; Offences per 100k: 973.863826
- Cortez; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0911; Offences per 100k: 3399.122807
- Denver; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8836; Offences per 100k: 5754.6
- Estes Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.7967; Offences per 100k: 1017.416796
- Fort Morgan; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.3946; Offences per 100k: 2265.064407
- Golden; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.576; Offences per 100k: 2510.771059
- Gypsum; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.8958; Offences per 100k: 384.573124
- Lamar; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7856; Offences per 100k: 522.228174
- Louisville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6333; Offences per 100k: 1916.96464
- Monument; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.326; Offences per 100k: 1984.09574
- Rifle; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.995; Offences per 100k: 1310.45536
- Steamboat Springs; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.0151; Offences per 100k: 1587.534911
- Westminster; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6605; Offences per 100k: 3843.933164
- Bridgeport; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.9516; Offences per 100k: 1861.852942
- Hartford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.7427; Offences per 100k: 3361.309414
- New Haven; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.3822; Offences per 100k: 4121.885998
- Stamford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.918; Offences per 100k: 1382.589773
- Elsmere; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8398; Offences per 100k: 2021.189894
- Newark; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.6989; Offences per 100k: 2307.692308
- Wilmington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.3138; Offences per 100k: 4285.833403
- Alpharetta; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9354; Offences per 100k: 1401.427981
- Blakely; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1686; Offences per 100k: 2877.558903
- Cairo; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.1606; Offences per 100k: 2722.797147
- Chamblee; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.1616; Offences per 100k: 4179.132098
- Cordele; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.4828; Offences per 100k: 5326.7773
- Doraville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.2236; Offences per 100k: 5785.734059
- East Point; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.8599; Offences per 100k: 7869.813197
- Fitzgerald; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1758; Offences per 100k: 3754.763506
- Garden City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.5764; Offences per 100k: 4023.931294
- Hiram; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.8462; Offences per 100k: 5171.158048
- Kennesaw; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1493; Offences per 100k: 1098.525813
- Locust Grove; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.9346; Offences per 100k: 3222.57472
- Marietta; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.8296; Offences per 100k: 2108.785554
- Moultrie; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.0812; Offences per 100k: 6070.39736
- Palmetto; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.1672; Offences per 100k: 517.515924
- Richmond Hill; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8144; Offences per 100k: 1233.531048
- Roswell; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7825; Offences per 100k: 1180.969397
- Smyrna; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6746; Offences per 100k: 1539.68254
- Stone Mountain; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.9918; Offences per 100k: 2413.528055
- Thomasville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8766; Offences per 100k: 3944.302974
- Warner Robins; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.4203; Offences per 100k: 3646.100116
- Blackfoot; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.7579; Offences per 100k: 1197.332525
- Emmett; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.125; Offences per 100k: 752.908966
- Jerome; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5756; Offences per 100k: 806.030301
- Middleton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1207; Offences per 100k: 727.272727
- Pocatello; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3547; Offences per 100k: 1927.735508
- Rigby; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.2053; Offences per 100k: 1355.107714
- Weiser; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8924; Offences per 100k: 177.591217
- Antioch; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.2062; Offences per 100k: 570.201919
- Bartonville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.0631; Offences per 100k: 2408.376963
- Bensenville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5892; Offences per 100k: 1289.791438
- Blue Island; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 15.476; Offences per 100k: 3121.016101
- Brookfield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2831; Offences per 100k: 736.497545
- Calumet Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 15.3711; Offences per 100k: 4509.565746
- Carpentersville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8658; Offences per 100k: 890.505796
- Charleston; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1271; Offences per 100k: 2152.503391
- Chicago Ridge; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4816; Offences per 100k: 2079.367404
- Coal City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0941; Offences per 100k: 464.476174
- Crestwood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.2152; Offences per 100k: 2290.894911
- Decatur; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.3135; Offences per 100k: 3469.543969
- Downers Grove; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0338; Offences per 100k: 984.525995
- East Peoria; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2673; Offences per 100k: 2628.811777
- Elk Grove Village; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.082; Offences per 100k: 1814.829193
- Fairview Heights; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.3585; Offences per 100k: 3436.167545
- Franklin Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1368; Offences per 100k: 1576.360246
- Gilberts; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6513; Offences per 100k: 246.941295
- Glenview; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4203; Offences per 100k: 1360.764271
- Gurnee; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.79; Offences per 100k: 2410.039613
- Harvey; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 13.4228; Offences per 100k: 2217.457246
- Hickory Hills; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0726; Offences per 100k: 1124.169647
- Hillside; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1457; Offences per 100k: 2177.254098
- Huntley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.57; Offences per 100k: 457.118745
- Jerseyville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.4309; Offences per 100k: 1710.542278
- Lake Forest; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.7588; Offences per 100k: 645.761223
- Lansing; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.7862; Offences per 100k: 2230.034055
- Lincolnshire; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.2355; Offences per 100k: 961.903557
- Lockport; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7247; Offences per 100k: 659.967002
- Mahomet; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5013; Offences per 100k: 436.515468
- Marion; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5496; Offences per 100k: 3399.383009
- Mendota; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8248; Offences per 100k: 507.761497
- Mokena; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1285; Offences per 100k: 821.251141
- Monticello; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.4898; Offences per 100k: 231.74971
- Mount Prospect; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.8406; Offences per 100k: 977.15001
- Naperville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5397; Offences per 100k: 967.306887
- Northbrook; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2325; Offences per 100k: 1225.825647
- Oak Brook; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.9938; Offences per 100k: 6388.022458
- Olney; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.6564; Offences per 100k: 1265.822785
- Palatine; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0577; Offences per 100k: 1008.442777
- Park Forest; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.6674; Offences per 100k: 1791.379899
- Pingree Grove; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6952; Offences per 100k: 166.739798
- Posen; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1134; Offences per 100k: 2472.422975
- Riverdale; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 16.0981; Offences per 100k: 3566.789889
- Rock Falls; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.5706; Offences per 100k: 3569.338795
- Romeoville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.0487; Offences per 100k: 1163.216036
- St. Charles; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1356; Offences per 100k: 1155.891666
- Schaumburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4797; Offences per 100k: 2489.249753
- South Barrington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.9823; Offences per 100k: 768.608414
- Spring Grove; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.2578; Offences per 100k: 416.44034
- Streamwood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3876; Offences per 100k: 835.011411
- Sycamore; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.9977; Offences per 100k: 1052.46287
- Urbana; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7155; Offences per 100k: 3036.331274
- Washington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.9962; Offences per 100k: 1224.619289
- Western Springs; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.0876; Offences per 100k: 280.494276
- Willow Springs; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.551; Offences per 100k: 390.140096
- Winnetka; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.426; Offences per 100k: 740.19245
- Woodstock; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.314; Offences per 100k: 637.363492
- Angola; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.2986; Offences per 100k: 2350.337268
- Bedford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3307; Offences per 100k: 302.768166
- Brazil; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9381; Offences per 100k: 2491.492465
- Cicero; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.8472; Offences per 100k: 296.32212
- Crown Point; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7747; Offences per 100k: 608.213727
- East Chicago; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.6705; Offences per 100k: 2416.023693
- Fishers; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7849; Offences per 100k: 731.453444
- Goshen; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0331; Offences per 100k: 2696.16416
- Highland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7193; Offences per 100k: 1693.682905
- Jeffersonville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0276; Offences per 100k: 1988.263455
- Lawrence; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4571; Offences per 100k: 2020.325203
- McCordsville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4115; Offences per 100k: 1032.110092
- Muncie; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.7552; Offences per 100k: 2859.909024
- New Haven; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8267; Offences per 100k: 1292.085973
- Portage; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.4286; Offences per 100k: 1343.669251
- Seymour; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.2654; Offences per 100k: 1609.927115
- Terre Haute; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.8632; Offences per 100k: 3977.03977
- Washington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.8295; Offences per 100k: 741.675872
- Winona Lake; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.3798; Offences per 100k: 371.674491
- Altoona; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.4691; Offences per 100k: 2154.134332
- Atlantic; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.1351; Offences per 100k: 2360.578342
- Centerville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5743; Offences per 100k: 1315.047905
- Clinton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7337; Offences per 100k: 3086.343138
- Creston; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6099; Offences per 100k: 1307.011572
- DeWitt; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0683; Offences per 100k: 1247.549456
- Fort Dodge; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.027; Offences per 100k: 4256.795364
- Independence; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3028; Offences per 100k: 819.80389
- Keokuk; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9321; Offences per 100k: 1873.935264
- Marion; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.555; Offences per 100k: 619.99057
- Newton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7495; Offences per 100k: 1774.389853
- Osceola; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9701; Offences per 100k: 2207.58412
- Perry; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6207; Offences per 100k: 984.791822
- Sioux City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4655; Offences per 100k: 3879.315374
- Vinton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.478; Offences per 100k: 423.387097
- Webster City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.043; Offences per 100k: 1614.793593
- Andover; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7394; Offences per 100k: 1396.821455
- Bel Aire; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.9021; Offences per 100k: 790.869957
- Dodge City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6365; Offences per 100k: 1341.058999
- Garden City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.6864; Offences per 100k: 2592.428929
- Haysville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6973; Offences per 100k: 1562.361296
- Junction City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.2327; Offences per 100k: 3083.147321
- Leawood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.0327; Offences per 100k: 1578.947368
- Maize; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.6577; Offences per 100k: 1185.825893
- Olathe; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.6728; Offences per 100k: 1137.32915
- Parsons; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.1843; Offences per 100k: 4339.866466
- Shawnee; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2979; Offences per 100k: 2048.823639
- Wellington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.9575; Offences per 100k: 2788.844622
- Bardstown; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0012; Offences per 100k: 1559.24409
- Campbellsville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.3907; Offences per 100k: 1305.015353
- Cynthiana; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.3238; Offences per 100k: 1393.939394
- Elsmere; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.1267; Offences per 100k: 929.978118
- Fort Thomas; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4899; Offences per 100k: 534.886485
- Glasgow; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2944; Offences per 100k: 2277.298384
- Hopkinsville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1887; Offences per 100k: 2951.716948
- Lebanon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6674; Offences per 100k: 1122.062168
- Madisonville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.8945; Offences per 100k: 678.967555
- Monticello; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.987; Offences per 100k: 876.270592
- Murray; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7872; Offences per 100k: 1528.228245
- Paducah; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.029; Offences per 100k: 3064.903846
- Richmond; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.6866; Offences per 100k: 2187.959655
- Shively; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.9293; Offences per 100k: 3585.812654
- Vine Grove; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5496; Offences per 100k: 356.582513
- Alexandria; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.232; Offences per 100k: 9309.85489
- Broussard; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6264; Offences per 100k: 2348.047766
- Gretna; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.3032; Offences per 100k: 4229.211341
- Lake Charles; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.6421; Offences per 100k: 3082.762689
- Natchitoches; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.0787; Offences per 100k: 5275.892594
- Ponchatoula; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3036; Offences per 100k: 2428.057554
- Shreveport; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.9752; Offences per 100k: 5218.970598
- Walker; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.7628; Offences per 100k: 3891.8412
- Augusta; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6723; Offences per 100k: 4341.473596
- Brewer; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.4438; Offences per 100k: 1836.290072
- Portland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2049; Offences per 100k: 2745.63555
- South Portland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.619; Offences per 100k: 1433.292488
- Annapolis; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6983; Offences per 100k: 2902.635613
- Bowie; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.66; Offences per 100k: 2473.256161
- Cumberland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.3188; Offences per 100k: 4388.832324
- Frederick; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.888; Offences per 100k: 2079.658027
- Greenbelt; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.7082; Offences per 100k: 5026.247262
- La Plata; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4159; Offences per 100k: 1970.487673
- New Carrollton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1372; Offences per 100k: 1938.100962
- Takoma Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9019; Offences per 100k: 7612.81433
- Amherst Town; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.7068; Offences per 100k: 466.482377
- Braintree Town; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9917; Offences per 100k: 1404.479984
- Chicopee; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.2734; Offences per 100k: 2327.416174
- Franklin Town; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.173; Offences per 100k: 382.607664
- Holyoke; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.7368; Offences per 100k: 5273.06968
- Malden; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3561; Offences per 100k: 1471.701541
- Newburyport; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.0761; Offences per 100k: 441.971714
- Peabody; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8944; Offences per 100k: 1091.623608
- Salem; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.1118; Offences per 100k: 1706.016756
- Taunton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8093; Offences per 100k: 1281.636875
- Winthrop Town; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8991; Offences per 100k: 680.827887
- Allegan; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7114; Offences per 100k: 660.96423
- Auburn Hills; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0035; Offences per 100k: 2279.103732
- Berkley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.1662; Offences per 100k: 376.875967
- Burton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.1473; Offences per 100k: 3097.677596
- Clawson; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9444; Offences per 100k: 755.803491
- Detroit; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 14.0031; Offences per 100k: 6086.573266
- Eastpointe; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 12.9228; Offences per 100k: 2991.759226
- Fenton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.6814; Offences per 100k: 2566.056911
- Frankenmuth; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.6869; Offences per 100k: 883.086965
- Grand Haven; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.8267; Offences per 100k: 1136.673638
- Grosse Pointe; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2615; Offences per 100k: 2080.624187
- Harper Woods; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.0796; Offences per 100k: 5041.788408
- Holland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4995; Offences per 100k: 1615.420183
- Inkster; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 14.4343; Offences per 100k: 2941.295301
- Kentwood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4769; Offences per 100k: 2570.002412
- Livonia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.557; Offences per 100k: 1490.311331
- Marshall; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.9149; Offences per 100k: 1390.944066
- Midland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1443; Offences per 100k: 777.29912
- Niles; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.7986; Offences per 100k: 2351.72056
- Owosso; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5262; Offences per 100k: 1636.526164
- Port Huron; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.8614; Offences per 100k: 2106.084243
- Rockford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1829; Offences per 100k: 889.535824
- St. Clair; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.8003; Offences per 100k: 515.03572
- St. Louis; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7617; Offences per 100k: 727.117194
- South Lyon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6841; Offences per 100k: 349.708576
- Troy; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3609; Offences per 100k: 1392.098099
- Wayne; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.3156; Offences per 100k: 1995.145344
- Wyoming; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0829; Offences per 100k: 2615.725246
- Anoka; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7519; Offences per 100k: 1431.58362
- Belle Plaine; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.2605; Offences per 100k: 538.140724
- Brainerd; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.9832; Offences per 100k: 2210.058159
- Cambridge; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4201; Offences per 100k: 1758.933531
- Columbia Heights; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4876; Offences per 100k: 2506.319352
- Crystal; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4473; Offences per 100k: 2505.005355
- East Grand Forks; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4781; Offences per 100k: 395.078451
- Fairmont; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.061; Offences per 100k: 1690.750025
- Fridley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.493; Offences per 100k: 3327.293691
- Hermantown; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.071; Offences per 100k: 2638.289525
- Inver Grove Heights; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6392; Offences per 100k: 1560.256269
- Lake City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.5941; Offences per 100k: 974.512744
- Little Falls; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.116; Offences per 100k: 1947.623239
- Marshall; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7421; Offences per 100k: 991.094513
- Minnetrista; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3245; Offences per 100k: 388.367052
- New Hope; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.0215; Offences per 100k: 2131.010384
- North Mankato; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7563; Offences per 100k: 998.502247
- Plymouth; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.28; Offences per 100k: 1074.735234
- Redwood Falls; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3362; Offences per 100k: 1486.915147
- Rosemount; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4706; Offences per 100k: 556.343019
- St. Joseph; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7696; Offences per 100k: 567.248843
- St. Peter; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.9981; Offences per 100k: 630.965863
- South St. Paul; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9052; Offences per 100k: 1670.864006
- Waite Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.513; Offences per 100k: 4231.546416
- Winona; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.6593; Offences per 100k: 2484.162027
- Batesville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8167; Offences per 100k: 5101.760176
- Cleveland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.882; Offences per 100k: 3226.758485
- Hattiesburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.6641; Offences per 100k: 3686.836276
- Long Beach; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1237; Offences per 100k: 1073.124963
- Oxford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7427; Offences per 100k: 1979.730466
- Picayune; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0467; Offences per 100k: 2883.642496
- Southaven; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2871; Offences per 100k: 2328.936163
- West Point; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.6358; Offences per 100k: 2586.652871
- Belton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8128; Offences per 100k: 2206.61601
- Boonville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7756; Offences per 100k: 2178.899083
- Cape Girardeau; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.6244; Offences per 100k: 3079.527888
- Chillicothe; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5656; Offences per 100k: 1096.039067
- Crestwood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.5941; Offences per 100k: 1586.383541
- Dexter; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.4462; Offences per 100k: 3105.906314
- Ferguson; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8704; Offences per 100k: 4210.821419
- Glendale; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.2594; Offences per 100k: 382.631842
- Harrisonville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.2488; Offences per 100k: 2315.099365
- Jefferson City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1807; Offences per 100k: 2373.064543
- Kirksville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0011; Offences per 100k: 2352.335165
- Lee's Summit; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7656; Offences per 100k: 2443.528505
- Marshall; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0615; Offences per 100k: 1155.17622
- Moberly; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.4704; Offences per 100k: 1340.299864
- North Kansas City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.4611; Offences per 100k: 8226.351351
- Osage Beach; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.6545; Offences per 100k: 2871.105681
- Parkville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3994; Offences per 100k: 853.151328
- Poplar Bluff; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8795; Offences per 100k: 248.323814
- Richmond Heights; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.883; Offences per 100k: 7777.901413
- Ste. Genevieve; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3106; Offences per 100k: 574.143734
- Savannah; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3898; Offences per 100k: 590.783773
- Springfield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3006; Offences per 100k: 5362.787125
- Trenton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0738; Offences per 100k: 869.565217
- Warrenton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7115; Offences per 100k: 690.66555
- Wentzville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.6972; Offences per 100k: 853.711474
- Billings; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5225; Offences per 100k: 3829.491012
- Havre; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.9482; Offences per 100k: 3870.068611
- Livingston; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.9199; Offences per 100k: 1921.165949
- Whitefish; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3617; Offences per 100k: 1212.686567
- Columbus; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3621; Offences per 100k: 1012.400894
- Hastings; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.882; Offences per 100k: 2325.206528
- McCook; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.4388; Offences per 100k: 1083.333333
- Papillion; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2094; Offences per 100k: 1038.267576
- Seward; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.6881; Offences per 100k: 730.688935
- York; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.7329; Offences per 100k: 1836.982968
- Las Vegas; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.3966; Offences per 100k: 3052.5
- Winnemucca; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6609; Offences per 100k: 2020.447907
- Franklin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.825; Offences per 100k: 1351.504827
- Nashua; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2293; Offences per 100k: 1421.847852
- Absecon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6272; Offences per 100k: 2364.53202
- Beachwood borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1332; Offences per 100k: 824.43808
- Bernardsville borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3458; Offences per 100k: 636.068845
- Brigantine; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.748; Offences per 100k: 858.992996
- Chatham borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.2142; Offences per 100k: 526.038927
- Closter borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2725; Offences per 100k: 1203.576341
- East Orange; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.1645; Offences per 100k: 2438.921533
- Emerson borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6219; Offences per 100k: 94.569035
- Fair Lawn borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.2433; Offences per 100k: 981.437437
- Franklin borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.189; Offences per 100k: 515.157519
- Glassboro borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.4145; Offences per 100k: 1230.18594
- Hackettstown; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.1646; Offences per 100k: 525.272547
- Harrison; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.2599; Offences per 100k: 1987.158457
- Hillsdale borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3681; Offences per 100k: 263.055339
- Keansburg borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4883; Offences per 100k: 1455.755433
- Lincoln Park borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.1296; Offences per 100k: 624.386763
- Long Branch; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.9982; Offences per 100k: 1869.356446
- Margate City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.106; Offences per 100k: 1309.360954
- Midland Park borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.1617; Offences per 100k: 703.23488
- Morristown; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.285; Offences per 100k: 1062.724353
- New Milford borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.4151; Offences per 100k: 498.233011
- North Haledon borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5999; Offences per 100k: 343.563903
- Oceanport borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.2548; Offences per 100k: 421.120829
- Paramus borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.7165; Offences per 100k: 4928.02393
- Perth Amboy; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 14.2548; Offences per 100k: 1760.35739
- Plainfield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.9045; Offences per 100k: 2020.544886
- Rahway; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.2513; Offences per 100k: 989.774515
- Ridgefield Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.8705; Offences per 100k: 1126.781583
- Roseland borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8995; Offences per 100k: 765.794512
- Rutherford borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2193; Offences per 100k: 860.772621
- South Amboy; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9052; Offences per 100k: 1530.470272
- Summit; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4375; Offences per 100k: 787.470855
- Vineland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.8486; Offences per 100k: 3122.534841
- Watchung borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1429; Offences per 100k: 4215.953897
- Westwood borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.5336; Offences per 100k: 305.917315
- Woodland Park borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5995; Offences per 100k: 1065.186408
- Artesia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9155; Offences per 100k: 2649.769585
- Carlsbad; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.1638; Offences per 100k: 3315.942771
- Grants; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0429; Offences per 100k: 2044.007595
- Portales; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.3645; Offences per 100k: 3652.735304
- Sunland Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5729; Offences per 100k: 905.756835
- Batavia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4508; Offences per 100k: 2181.818182
- Canandaigua; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4544; Offences per 100k: 1739.795431
- Elmira; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.9389; Offences per 100k: 4684.270953
- Hudson; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.6923; Offences per 100k: 1895.652174
- Long Beach; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.239; Offences per 100k: 182.465896
- New York; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.038186; Offences per 100k: 3039.3
- Oneida; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5039; Offences per 100k: 3871.869075
- Rome; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9487; Offences per 100k: 2292.808056
- Syracuse; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.7134; Offences per 100k: 4999.483382
- Watervliet; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.454; Offences per 100k: 2483.181638
- Angier; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.1369; Offences per 100k: 987.091875
- Bessemer City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9138; Offences per 100k: 1952.506596
- Butner; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4795; Offences per 100k: 1557.135851
- Charlotte; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.6324; Offences per 100k: 4438.5
- Cornelius; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4493; Offences per 100k: 1139.499688
- Dunn; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2438; Offences per 100k: 6011.815128
- Fayetteville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.9191; Offences per 100k: 3754.792922
- Gastonia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6763; Offences per 100k: 4363.661998
- Greensboro; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.0748; Offences per 100k: 4306.849027
- Hickory; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7984; Offences per 100k: 3231.726422
- Kannapolis; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0539; Offences per 100k: 1953.067106
- Kinston; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 16.1494; Offences per 100k: 5922.893564
- Lexington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0333; Offences per 100k: 3457.460174
- Mebane; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.853; Offences per 100k: 3518.164436
- Morrisville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3228; Offences per 100k: 2532.780802
- Oxford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.9847; Offences per 100k: 4428.697963
- Reidsville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.418; Offences per 100k: 3332.419089
- Rolesville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6761; Offences per 100k: 471.221811
- Shelby; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.598; Offences per 100k: 3477.39241
- Stallings; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3005; Offences per 100k: 723.069916
- Wake Forest; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0092; Offences per 100k: 1451.532073
- Whispering Pines; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3208; Offences per 100k: 257.779414
- Winterville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3986; Offences per 100k: 805.418268
- Fargo; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7918; Offences per 100k: 4195.103256
- Valley City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9356; Offences per 100k: 1100.749121
- Williston; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9128; Offences per 100k: 2752.563302
- Ashtabula; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.8349; Offences per 100k: 1105.907578
- Barberton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1968; Offences per 100k: 2379.487179
- Bedford Heights; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.5229; Offences per 100k: 2107.619136
- Bexley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.5136; Offences per 100k: 2532.9688
- Brook Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6639; Offences per 100k: 631.439016
- Cambridge; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.9847; Offences per 100k: 2064.035441
- Centerville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3719; Offences per 100k: 1046.383319
- Circleville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.8149; Offences per 100k: 1983.177187
- Columbiana; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.4726; Offences per 100k: 381.287579
- Deer Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.6303; Offences per 100k: 866.453193
- Dublin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.495; Offences per 100k: 1024.926205
- Elyria; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5513; Offences per 100k: 1770.459794
- Findlay; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5133; Offences per 100k: 1948.165332
- Gahanna; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.6025; Offences per 100k: 2072.672175
- Grafton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8824; Offences per 100k: 260.688217
- Harrison; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.4864; Offences per 100k: 848.145143
- Hillsboro; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.2578; Offences per 100k: 1396.396396
- Independence; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.4503; Offences per 100k: 1358.189081
- Kenton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7352; Offences per 100k: 1679.056652
- Lima; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.4926; Offences per 100k: 4127.112758
- Lyndhurst; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.0408; Offences per 100k: 1188.205956
- Mason; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.9866; Offences per 100k: 565.09757
- Mentor; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.9419; Offences per 100k: 1473.324067
- Montgomery; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7087; Offences per 100k: 695.474777
- Newark; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7503; Offences per 100k: 1908.783126
- North Canton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.7229; Offences per 100k: 1149.229106
- Norwalk; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3902; Offences per 100k: 652.528548
- Ontario; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.3225; Offences per 100k: 3609.022556
- Parma Heights; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.147; Offences per 100k: 361.257567
- Port Clinton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4353; Offences per 100k: 1354.784081
- Reynoldsburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7479; Offences per 100k: 2878.116142
- Seven Hills; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4923; Offences per 100k: 971.71612
- Solon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4019; Offences per 100k: 855.240984
- Springfield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.3764; Offences per 100k: 5886.619122
- Struthers; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7206; Offences per 100k: 1356.687253
- Trenton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.337; Offences per 100k: 242.943909
- Union; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7577; Offences per 100k: 1203.955855
- Vandalia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6134; Offences per 100k: 1938.871684
- Washington Court House; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.267; Offences per 100k: 1305.283621
- West Jefferson; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.0842; Offences per 100k: 1107.01107
- Willoughby; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.056; Offences per 100k: 1038.704093
- Wyoming; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.5781; Offences per 100k: 694.203402
- Altus; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.5328; Offences per 100k: 1735.346263
- Bixby; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6832; Offences per 100k: 857.233907
- Chickasha; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.9152; Offences per 100k: 2161.49361
- Coweta; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0051; Offences per 100k: 725.15667
- Edmond; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3437; Offences per 100k: 1521.425909
- Grove; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.0569; Offences per 100k: 3333.783237
- Holdenville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.882; Offences per 100k: 1791.448369
- Lawton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.1064; Offences per 100k: 3473.045927
- Midwest City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.1222; Offences per 100k: 2427.49435
- Noble; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.1712; Offences per 100k: 1239.203905
- Pauls Valley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.2362; Offences per 100k: 2541.673543
- Purcell; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9539; Offences per 100k: 2306.140098
- Shawnee; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9715; Offences per 100k: 3344.178189
- The Village; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1941; Offences per 100k: 2461.836164
- Wagoner; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0582; Offences per 100k: 2676.709154
- Albany; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7803; Offences per 100k: 2026.967943
- Bend; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7447; Offences per 100k: 1530.482582
- Cornelius; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.0012; Offences per 100k: 1925.025329
- Eugene; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.6413; Offences per 100k: 3573.574754
- Gresham; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5871; Offences per 100k: 2836.859993
- Keizer; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.17; Offences per 100k: 2056.904203
- Lebanon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8089; Offences per 100k: 1196.386021
- Milton-Freewater; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.2502; Offences per 100k: 1994.219653
- North Bend; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.5093; Offences per 100k: 3390.170512
- Prineville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.3574; Offences per 100k: 971.196148
- Salem; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8237; Offences per 100k: 3335.468933
- Stayton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7894; Offences per 100k: 2262.223303
- Tigard; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7252; Offences per 100k: 3780.653951
- West Linn; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3475; Offences per 100k: 833.901903
- Ambler borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3981; Offences per 100k: 846.221185
- Beaver Falls; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.4725; Offences per 100k: 1316.689466
- Bethlehem; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.5721; Offences per 100k: 1574.614238
- Bridgeport borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.0662; Offences per 100k: 1700.240251
- Camp Hill borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.0352; Offences per 100k: 1112.741502
- Castle Shannon borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.3577; Offences per 100k: 348.302028
- Clarks Summit borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.9865; Offences per 100k: 517.582585
- Columbia borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1505; Offences per 100k: 2326.471996
- Crafton borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.4399; Offences per 100k: 2306.9529
- DuBois; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3611; Offences per 100k: 1610.904585
- Edinboro borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.3989; Offences per 100k: 890.39987
- Erie; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.106; Offences per 100k: 2304.636335
- Franklin Park borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4813; Offences per 100k: 289.153386
- Greenville borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7423; Offences per 100k: 1316.752012
- Hazleton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5939; Offences per 100k: 724.758137
- Indiana borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.5928; Offences per 100k: 855.47364
- Kingston borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.4106; Offences per 100k: 1594.885126
- Lehighton borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1715; Offences per 100k: 1312.036509
- Meadville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6931; Offences per 100k: 1935.149456
- Milton borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3293; Offences per 100k: 1548.467018
- Morrisville borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.282; Offences per 100k: 3328.165375
- Murrysville municipality; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1184; Offences per 100k: 256.360646
- New Holland borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.7909; Offences per 100k: 783.067142
- Oakmont borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6; Offences per 100k: 1048.632219
- Palmerton borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.7702; Offences per 100k: 711.364041
- Pittston; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.586; Offences per 100k: 561.577641
- Pottsville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.2198; Offences per 100k: 1676.521218
- Ridley Park borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.0925; Offences per 100k: 722.222222
- Shamokin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.0826; Offences per 100k: 1153.675492
- Somerset borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.1386; Offences per 100k: 803.144224
- Steelton borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3305; Offences per 100k: 2309.395761
- Tamaqua borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.4129; Offences per 100k: 1054.913295
- Waynesboro borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8544; Offences per 100k: 1146.416321
- West York borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4424; Offences per 100k: 1754.385965
- Wyomissing borough; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.1205; Offences per 100k: 1866.97783
- East Providence; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5147; Offences per 100k: 754.915361
- Woonsocket; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.809; Offences per 100k: 1891.447368
- Bennettsville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 12.5131; Offences per 100k: 4556.765163
- Central; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4471; Offences per 100k: 1310.861423
- Clover; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8092; Offences per 100k: 1128.016789
- Easley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1957; Offences per 100k: 2034.978455
- Gaffney; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.5511; Offences per 100k: 4403.580934
- Greer; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4251; Offences per 100k: 2071.713147
- Lake City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.661; Offences per 100k: 6552.130706
- Marion; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.6606; Offences per 100k: 6189.776253
- Newberry; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.9475; Offences per 100k: 3697.60205
- Port Royal; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.9599; Offences per 100k: 1352.54858
- Spartanburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.4477; Offences per 100k: 6709.028735
- Union; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.353; Offences per 100k: 7530.468249
- Aberdeen; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6538; Offences per 100k: 1678.331667
- Huron; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.5659; Offences per 100k: 1804.613297
- Sioux Falls; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.5314; Offences per 100k: 3441.965429
- Watertown; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.7979; Offences per 100k: 1328.094974
- Atoka; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4547; Offences per 100k: 695.92651
- Brownsville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.6326; Offences per 100k: 3540.587219
- Cleveland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0197; Offences per 100k: 2837.395417
- Cookeville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7765; Offences per 100k: 1954.467354
- Dunlap; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 12.2275; Offences per 100k: 1208.256419
- Fayetteville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7036; Offences per 100k: 2825.901732
- Greenbrier; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.7576; Offences per 100k: 618.794071
- Humboldt; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1007; Offences per 100k: 2197.240675
- Kingsport; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9154; Offences per 100k: 3400.539046
- La Vergne; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.2484; Offences per 100k: 2310.950698
- Lexington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.2637; Offences per 100k: 2400
- Madisonville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.8368; Offences per 100k: 2584.123443
- Memphis; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.3083; Offences per 100k: 9400.251465
- Mount Juliet; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7517; Offences per 100k: 1123.748553
- Nolensville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4497; Offences per 100k: 257.37602
- Pleasant View; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.3724; Offences per 100k: 332.807847
- Rockwood; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.4794; Offences per 100k: 2650.05265
- Smithville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.3529; Offences per 100k: 1650.344577
- Spring Hill; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.0672; Offences per 100k: 662.53901
- White House; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.873; Offences per 100k: 970.513692
- Alamo Heights; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.2055; Offences per 100k: 3041.216487
- Alvarado; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.0449; Offences per 100k: 1545.549116
- Anna; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1226; Offences per 100k: 870.433345
- Atlanta; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9389; Offences per 100k: 1236.618678
- Bastrop; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.2443; Offences per 100k: 3664.836939
- Bee Cave; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1068; Offences per 100k: 2816.901408
- Benbrook; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.255; Offences per 100k: 2091.223448
- Bowie; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1824; Offences per 100k: 2081.639291
- Bridgeport; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9163; Offences per 100k: 967.405864
- Bryan; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.0133; Offences per 100k: 1832.695462
- Burleson; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4581; Offences per 100k: 1259.7636
- Canyon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1462; Offences per 100k: 728.520682
- Celina; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.807; Offences per 100k: 1466.767915
- Cleveland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2055; Offences per 100k: 2459.353776
- Conroe; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.8873; Offences per 100k: 1877.094387
- Corpus Christi; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.0782; Offences per 100k: 3874.941476
- Crowley; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5661; Offences per 100k: 1688.628599
- Decatur; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4952; Offences per 100k: 1946.300856
- DeSoto; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.932; Offences per 100k: 1968.559694
- Duncanville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.1417; Offences per 100k: 2586.096202
- Elgin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2265; Offences per 100k: 1642.060862
- Everman; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.9364; Offences per 100k: 2143.950995
- Fate; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4056; Offences per 100k: 541.616005
- Fort Stockton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.2296; Offences per 100k: 412.551569
- Frisco; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5512; Offences per 100k: 1103.618202
- Galveston; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7517; Offences per 100k: 2917.137476
- Gilmer; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.9259; Offences per 100k: 2816.358025
- Graham; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4186; Offences per 100k: 790.692421
- Greenville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.733; Offences per 100k: 1423.870949
- Harlingen; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.2099; Offences per 100k: 2976.69076
- Hereford; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1454; Offences per 100k: 1122.754491
- Highland Village; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9551; Offences per 100k: 1145.510836
- Horseshoe Bay; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.8866; Offences per 100k: 822.27621
- Huntsville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.9269; Offences per 100k: 2044.654775
- Iowa Colony; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9141; Offences per 100k: 690.013355
- Jarrell; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 9.7158; Offences per 100k: 1354.961832
- Justin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4934; Offences per 100k: 883.72093
- Kennedale; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3559; Offences per 100k: 498.35449
- Kingsville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.5849; Offences per 100k: 2021.862415
- La Feria; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7677; Offences per 100k: 2005.347594
- Lakeway; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5166; Offences per 100k: 1298.904538
- La Porte; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4339; Offences per 100k: 1131.161503
- Leander; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3637; Offences per 100k: 1057.67039
- Liberty Hill; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7879; Offences per 100k: 797.537428
- Livingston; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2895; Offences per 100k: 3771.945072
- Lufkin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.9554; Offences per 100k: 2723.712666
- Magnolia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3596; Offences per 100k: 525.920361
- Marlin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 14.1682; Offences per 100k: 1195.57459
- Mexia; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3007; Offences per 100k: 1489.485981
- Mission; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.7575; Offences per 100k: 1337.480206
- Mount Pleasant; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4919; Offences per 100k: 2057.613169
- Navasota; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.1765; Offences per 100k: 2557.029178
- North Richland Hills; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.2495; Offences per 100k: 2455.495903
- Pampa; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.0754; Offences per 100k: 2450.592885
- Pearsall; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8955; Offences per 100k: 1121.972895
- Pilot Point; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.3332; Offences per 100k: 739.713361
- Port Isabel; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.2396; Offences per 100k: 4194.174757
- Princeton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.5297; Offences per 100k: 1118.198874
- Richland Hills; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.5886; Offences per 100k: 2695.810565
- Roanoke; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.9847; Offences per 100k: 1333.452658
- Rockwall; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4409; Offences per 100k: 1519.218479
- Royse City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.9184; Offences per 100k: 1001.749631
- San Antonio; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.1847; Offences per 100k: 5217.8
- Santa Fe; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.5328; Offences per 100k: 819.609345
- Seguin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3896; Offences per 100k: 1927.022465
- Sinton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.4427; Offences per 100k: 1848.196662
- Southlake; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7375; Offences per 100k: 1032.320309
- Sugar Land; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1201; Offences per 100k: 1461.621983
- Temple; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.6373; Offences per 100k: 2679.069191
- The Colony; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0568; Offences per 100k: 1568.65319
- Universal City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.308; Offences per 100k: 2360.717658
- Vernon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 11.8186; Offences per 100k: 2411.376752
- Waller; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.0497; Offences per 100k: 2288.392611
- Weslaco; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.1398; Offences per 100k: 3915.895941
- White Settlement; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4105; Offences per 100k: 2210.191438
- Windcrest; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.7144; Offences per 100k: 11514.939717
- Yoakum; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0; Offences per 100k: 991.792066
- Clinton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.8621; Offences per 100k: 859.077444
- Farmington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.199; Offences per 100k: 1118.875778
- Hurricane; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9291; Offences per 100k: 1249.901427
- Lindon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.1918; Offences per 100k: 2005.245791
- Nephi; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.5927; Offences per 100k: 870.393037
- Park City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.7892; Offences per 100k: 2377.75881
- Price; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.4015; Offences per 100k: 1196.95321
- Riverton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4187; Offences per 100k: 968.44177
- Salt Lake City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2479; Offences per 100k: 6064.182438
- South Salt Lake; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.3278; Offences per 100k: 6640.956421
- Tooele; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.8441; Offences per 100k: 1705.361121
- West Valley City; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2789; Offences per 100k: 2311.472198
- Rutland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.387; Offences per 100k: 4268.56666
- Alexandria; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.297; Offences per 100k: 2859.113262
- Bridgewater; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4441; Offences per 100k: 600.908691
- Christiansburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.3831; Offences per 100k: 2821.00731
- Danville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5559; Offences per 100k: 3199.331981
- Franklin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.9261; Offences per 100k: 2999.173456
- Harrisonburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.8555; Offences per 100k: 1960.21065
- Lynchburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.3308; Offences per 100k: 2094.872976
- Newport News; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7683; Offences per 100k: 3152.051339
- Portsmouth; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.5549; Offences per 100k: 4613.199391
- Richmond; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7277; Offences per 100k: 3516.317595
- Strasburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4945; Offences per 100k: 957.330416
- Virginia Beach; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9645; Offences per 100k: 1732.157177
- Woodstock; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.6418; Offences per 100k: 1988.968745
- Arlington; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2026; Offences per 100k: 2559.000463
- Bellingham; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.5934; Offences per 100k: 4106.898461
- Bremerton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.7445; Offences per 100k: 3248.768419
- Camas; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9907; Offences per 100k: 781.108084
- College Place; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.4233; Offences per 100k: 1906.037503
- DuPont; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.2249; Offences per 100k: 1167.717268
- Enumclaw; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7131; Offences per 100k: 1477.75507
- Ferndale; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1211; Offences per 100k: 1706.25422
- Hoquiam; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 10.0439; Offences per 100k: 1876.919577
- Kirkland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.636; Offences per 100k: 2073.064497
- Liberty Lake; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7341; Offences per 100k: 1681.539937
- Marysville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9012; Offences per 100k: 2186.94358
- Moses Lake; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.6458; Offences per 100k: 4631.159856
- Normandy Park; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.283; Offences per 100k: 1379.631065
- Othello; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.4838; Offences per 100k: 2592.056959
- Port Orchard; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.8893; Offences per 100k: 3286.18526
- Puyallup; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.9863; Offences per 100k: 4243.639315
- Ridgefield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.8827; Offences per 100k: 1156.896655
- Selah; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.39; Offences per 100k: 1182.277319
- Snoqualmie; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.6374; Offences per 100k: 1115.718055
- Sultan; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.0032; Offences per 100k: 702.512834
- Tukwila; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.371; Offences per 100k: 16170.63966
- Walla Walla; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.68; Offences per 100k: 2498.336459
- Woodland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.9149; Offences per 100k: 2825.382121
- Bluefield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.4317; Offences per 100k: 1516.970425
- Clarksburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.416; Offences per 100k: 2592.06059
- Hurricane; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.622; Offences per 100k: 1361.954108
- Parkersburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.8609; Offences per 100k: 3477.355544
- Weirton; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 7.1307; Offences per 100k: 468.293758
- Ashland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7082; Offences per 100k: 3125.794155
- Bloomfield; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6969; Offences per 100k: 240.024002
- Cedarburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.0764; Offences per 100k: 442.722745
- Cudahy; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4232; Offences per 100k: 887.858395
- Dodgeville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.5517; Offences per 100k: 1894.53125
- Fitchburg; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.8943; Offences per 100k: 1616.402359
- Franklin; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.3699; Offences per 100k: 1257.914732
- Greendale; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.1459; Offences per 100k: 1023.442362
- Holmen; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 0.2751; Offences per 100k: 513.079317
- Kenosha; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.5195; Offences per 100k: 1152.050137
- McFarland; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.4177; Offences per 100k: 885.232243
- Mayville; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.2796; Offences per 100k: 449.131029
- Mequon; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.606; Offences per 100k: 597.983272
- Monona; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.4744; Offences per 100k: 3172.365174
- Muskego; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.0193; Offences per 100k: 1543.975738
- North Fond du Lac; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 8.2285; Offences per 100k: 802.089162
- Oshkosh; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.7846; Offences per 100k: 1683.486378
- Portage; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7319; Offences per 100k: 2094.608138
- Rice Lake; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.1931; Offences per 100k: 1589.418695
- Sheboygan; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 2.6999; Offences per 100k: 1715.379964
- South Milwaukee; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.6286; Offences per 100k: 1457.032412
- Sturtevant; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 5.8171; Offences per 100k: 554.141081
- Two Rivers; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.6955; Offences per 100k: 700.305261
- Waunakee; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 1.433; Offences per 100k: 315.229526
- West Allis; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 4.0925; Offences per 100k: 2234.038939
- Wisconsin Rapids; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 6.5768; Offences per 100k: 2424.470487
- Evanston; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.9446; Offences per 100k: 2021.483549
- Powell; Group: US; Unemployment (%): 3.7001; Offences per 100k: 1459.293395
Where it breaks down
The first breakdown is geographic grain. Spain’s full coefficient of +0.013 combines 378 municipality rows at +0.040 with 47 city-grain rows at -0.354. The smaller city subset is too limited to replace the headline, but the reversal shows that the pooled Spanish estimate depends on which administrative units are included. Germany’s district-grain rows are +0.251 and its 37 city-grain rows +0.389; repeated district outcomes still prevent 1,118 rows from acting like independent city observations.
The UK illustrates a different failure. Twenty-two rows use city unemployment from 2018 and three use 2023 regional_context; all pair with 2024 crime. The city-only coefficient is -0.147, while the full 25-row coefficient is +0.004. Neither small estimate is stable enough to support relocation advice.
City size is a competing correlate, not an explanation. Lithuania provides the clearest contrast: unemployment is +0.029 while population is +0.638 on the same 30 places. Spain is +0.013 for unemployment and +0.201 for population; Canada is +0.021 and -0.295. Belgium and the Netherlands are positive on both. No single size adjustment can turn these patterns into one mechanism.
The table requires a technical correction in interpretation. Population is missing for 204 US rows and two UK rows, but the packet carries each country’s full-sample unemployment coefficient beside the smaller population-complete n. Recalculating both coefficients on identical rows gives +0.325 for US unemployment versus +0.263 for population, and -0.109 for UK unemployment versus +0.229 for population. The US conclusion is unchanged; the UK comparison becomes even less stable.
A rank-based population sensitivity also leaves heterogeneity intact. After residualising unemployment and crime ranks on population within complete rows, coefficients remain +0.686 in Sweden, +0.682 in Belgium, +0.523 in the Netherlands and +0.304 in the United States; Germany falls to +0.196 and Spain to -0.100. This is not causal adjustment—only a one-variable robustness check.
What this means if you are moving
In Sweden, the Netherlands and Belgium, unemployment is a meaningful contextual companion to recorded crime in this packet; Denmark also shows a moderate alignment. In the United States and Germany it is a weaker screen, with Germany further limited by district-grain outcomes. In Spain, Portugal, Canada, Lithuania and the UK, the coefficient is too close to zero or too sample-sensitive to carry much decision weight.
Even in the stronger countries, do not translate the association into a story about unemployed residents or assume unemployment reduction would change crime. Use it to flag where two place-level conditions overlap, then inspect the actual variables relevant to a move: job availability by sector, offence categories, neighbourhood patterns, reporting year and the geographic boundary behind each rate.
Compare shortlisted places only within the same source system, period and grain where possible. A current city-level offence series and a current local labour measure are more useful than a national coefficient built from mismatched years. The pairing is context, not a substitute for direct city evidence.
Limits
This is a bivariate, ecological, cross-sectional analysis. It cannot establish causation in either direction and does not measure deprivation, policing intensity, reporting propensity, urban form, tourism, commuting, age structure, housing conditions or any other mechanism that could shape both variables.
Definitions and dates are not harmonised. Belgium’s 14-year pairing and Portugal’s roughly four-year mismatch are especially important. Crime-recording systems differ even within the UK, while unemployment sources range from registers to surveys. The coefficients describe ordering inside each assembled sample, not synchronized city conditions.
Rows are not fully independent. German district outcomes repeat across cities; nearby places may share police jurisdictions, economic conditions or source methodology. Spain mixes municipality and city grain. Standard p-values and the apparent precision of large n do not correct those dependencies.
Coverage is uneven: 4,298 US rows versus 25 in the UK, 30 in Lithuania and 37 in Canada. The 20-place floor prevents the thinnest country estimates from being reported, but it does not make small samples stable or the packet representative of all destinations.
Recorded offences may omit unreported incidents and reflect enforcement or publication choices. Unemployment may omit discouraged workers or use administrative eligibility rules. Neither variable is an individual-risk measure, and neither supports cross-country level rankings.
Method
We calculated Spearman’s rank correlation between unemployment percentage and recorded offences per 100,000 separately within each country. A country required at least 20 complete rows. Eleven countries passed, yielding 7,310 rows; the pooled +0.340 uses all 7,339 rows only to demonstrate the aggregation problem.
Spearman is primary because it asks whether higher unemployment ranks tend to accompany higher recorded-crime ranks without requiring a linear relationship in raw units. Pearson is retained as a shape diagnostic. Coefficients are descriptive; no population weighting, missing-value imputation, cross-country standardisation or causal model was applied.
Quartile ratios use the within-country 25th- and 75th-percentile unemployment cutoffs, retain all rows tied at each boundary, and divide the high-unemployment group’s median crime rate by the low-unemployment group’s median. The population sensitivity ranks all three variables, removes the linear rank association with population and correlates the residuals. It controls one observed ranking only and cannot identify a mechanism.
The unadjusted two-sided Spearman p-values ignore spatial dependence and repeated administrative outcomes and are reported only as a sensitivity check. Grain-specific estimates were recalculated for Germany, Spain and the UK. Parent-municipality values inherited by subdivisions were excluded before analysis.
FAQ
Does unemployment cause crime?
This analysis cannot answer causation. It compares city-level unemployment and recorded-crime ranks at one point or period, without measuring policing, reporting, deprivation, urban form or other possible influences. It also cannot say anything about an individual unemployed person’s behaviour; doing so would be the ecological fallacy.
Where is the unemployment–crime relationship strongest?
The strongest reportable Spearman coefficients are Sweden at +0.683, the Netherlands at +0.647 and Belgium at +0.646. Denmark follows at +0.421. These are within-country rankings under each country’s own unemployment and recorded-crime definitions, not evidence that their national levels are higher or directly comparable.
Where is the coefficient closest to zero?
The United Kingdom is +0.004 across 25 places, Spain +0.013 across 425, Canada +0.021 across 37, Lithuania +0.029 across 30 and Portugal +0.044 across 280. These are sample coefficients near zero, not proof that the underlying relationship is exactly zero.
Does city population explain the unemployment–crime result?
No single size explanation fits all countries. Lithuania has a +0.638 population–crime coefficient but only +0.029 for unemployment; Belgium and the Netherlands are positive on both; Portugal is slightly positive for unemployment and negative for population. Population is a competing correlate, not a demonstrated mechanism.
How should movers use these figures?
Use the pairing only as a country-specific screening clue. Check each shortlisted city’s observation year, geographic grain, offence definition and unemployment definition, then compare places covered by the same source system. Direct neighbourhood, offence-category and labour-market evidence is more useful than assuming one national coefficient applies everywhere.
Sources
The packet contains 2,264 source records. The publisher-level ledger below is generated from sources.csv; each link opens one representative record from that publisher family.
- api.scb.se — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- api.stat.gov.lv — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- BBSR; Bundeskriminalamt (BKA), Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik — All recorded crimes per 100,000 residents in the BBSR/PKS Kreis indicator. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-16.
- Belgian Federal Police / DGR/DRI/BIPOL — Belgian Federal Police — recorded total offences by municipality, Q4 2025 — 425 source records; grade B; checked 2026-07-26.
- Budapest Police Headquarters / Budapest Municipality — BRFK — Report on 2025 activity and Budapest public safety — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA), Statistik — Arbeitslosenquoten — Länder, Kreise und Gemeinden, Gesamt, 2024 annual average — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Bundesagentur für Arbeit, Statistik — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG) — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS) — Reproducible density from BFS STATPOP permanent population at 31.12.2024 divided by the exact official BFS municipality area denominator (2013-2018; FJ=2013; area observed_at=2013). — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2024-12-31.
- Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) — PKS 2024 T01 Grundtabelle - Fälle mit Häufigkeitszahl (HZ) - Städte — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-16.
- Bundeskriminalamt / Statistik Austria — Bundeskriminalamt and Statistik Austria — 2025 Vienna offences and 2026 population — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- California Department of Water Resources, Division of Integrated Regional Water Management (BIOS) — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- CBS — CBS Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2025, municipality-grain passenger-car universe (Personenauto's totaal) divided by the same-table municipality population. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-15.
- Census Reporter — Census Reporter mirror of ACS 2024 5-year tables — 98 source records; grade C; checked 2026-07-26.
- Census Reporter (underlying U.S. Census ACS) — 189 source records; grade B; checked 2026-08-03.
- Census Reporter / U.S. Census Bureau — 404 source records; grade B; checked 2026-08-03.
- Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (CBS), Netherlands — CBS labour market in figures 2024 — unemployment by municipality — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia — CSB Latvia RIG090 — share of unemployed persons among economically active population aged 15-74 — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Czech Statistical Office — ČSÚ — Unemployment in Prague in 2025 — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Czech Statistical Office (CZSO) — CZSO official Prague statistical material — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-18.
- Danmarks Statistik — DST KOM kommunekode source register; exact municipality row keyed by kommunekode. — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-12 to 2026-07-14.
- Danmarks Statistik (DST) — Derived municipality density from DST population and ARE207 registered municipal area. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-01-01.
- data.gov.lv — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- Destatis — Official municipality population divided by official municipality area from the same Destatis row. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2024-12-31.
- dst_by1_2025 — Statistics Denmark official Population 1 January by municipality, age and sex; summed over all ages and sexes. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- Eurostat — 3 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-30 to 2026-08-05.
- Eurostat (ESTAT) — Unemployment rate — 3 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-16.
- Eurostat GISCO / Eurostat Urban Audit — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-08-02.
- FBI Crime Data Explorer / Uniform Crime Reporting — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-04.
- FBI Crime Data Explorer, Crime in the United States 2024, Table 8 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- get.data.gov.lt — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- GUS BDL / GUGiK — Reproducible gmina density for Warszawa: population_total_2024 / official area_2024, rounded to the metric contract precision 0. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2024-12-31.
- Hungarian Central Statistical Office — Population by type of settlement, 1 January — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH) — KSH official table for population_density_per_km2 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-18.
- Hungarian Central Statistical Office and official public authorities — KSH official data — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-18.
- INE — Official INE 2024 municipality population divided by official INE 2024 municipality area. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2024-01-01.
- INE Portugal — Official INE municipality profile: population density for Lisboa municipality, reference year 2022. — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-15.
- INE Portugal / reproducible local derivation — Reproducible derived density from the same-period INE populationTotal divided by areaKm2; no external density number was substituted. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-15.
- Information Centre of the Ministry of the Interior / Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia — Official Statistics Portal Latvia — NOR023 recorded crimes and crime rates 2021–2025 — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-29 to 2026-07-30.
- Information Technology and Communications Department, Lithuania — Information Technology and Communications Department Lithuania — crime statistics — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Instituto do Emprego e Formação Profissional (IEFP), Portugal — IEFP — registered unemployment by municipality, June 2026 — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-26.
- Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Spain — INE Urban Indicators — unemployment rate by city — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), Portugal — INE — Taxa de criminalidade (‰) por Localização geográfica (NUTS 2013) e Categoria de crime; Anual, indicador 0008074, categoria Total, ano 2022 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-31.
- ISTAT — Official SITUAS report 74 (Comuni - Dimensione): exact municipality surface in km2, with annual area vintage. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-15.
- Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) — Resident population by age and sex, 1 January 2026 estimate — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Kantonspolizei Bern / Bundesamt für Statistik — Kantonspolizei Bern / BFS — Bern Gemeinde PKS 2025 total — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia / U.S. Census Bureau — Population denominator used in MPD 2024 crime-rate table — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-16.
- Ministerio del Interior / Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad — MIR 2024 Q4 exact III. TOTAL INFRACCIONES PENALES, enero-diciembre 2024; INE 29005 denominator. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-16.
- National Records of Scotland — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- no_ssb_07459_population — SSB table 07459 — Population by region, 1 January 2026 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV) — NAV HL301 — fully unemployed by county and municipality, June 2026 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Office for National Statistics — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-04.
- Office for National Statistics (ONS) — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-06.
- Office for National Statistics via Nomis — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- official authority — Belgium official denominator source — 972 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-14.
- Police of the Czech Republic / Czech Statistical Office — Czech Police and CZSO — Prague 2025 registered criminal offences and population — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Polizei Berlin — Polizei Berlin Kriminalitätsatlas — HZ 2024 Berlin (PKS gesamt) — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- pt_pordata_Q1000037 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1000041 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1003126 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1005090 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1005121 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1005138 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1006385 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1013094 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q1013140 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q174800 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q368867 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q425410 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q438263 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q449526 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q492475 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q551649 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q551684 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q552580 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q635165 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q641715 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q647467 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q700311 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q769062 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q861589 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q985519 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q986093 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q988863 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- pt_pordata_Q995188 — area_km2 at municipality; reference 2025. — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-14.
- Roma Capitale, Ufficio di Statistica / Istat — Roma Capitale — Annuario statistico 2024, Chapter 15, Table 15.1 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad, Ministerio del Interior, Spain — Balance de Criminalidad 2024 Q4 — III. Total infracciones penales, municipal rows — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPE), Spain — SEPE — registered unemployment by municipality, June 2026 — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-26.
- Spanish Ministry of Interior / Criminality Statistics Portal — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- Statbel / Belgian Census 2011 — Statbel be.STAT — unemployment rate of 15–64-year-olds by municipality, Census 2011 — 1 source record; grade B; checked 2026-07-26.
- Statbel / Statistics Belgium — Official resident population by Belgian municipality on 1 January 2026; Total column. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-01-01.
- State Data Agency of Lithuania (LSD) — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- State Data Agency of Lithuania (Statistics Lithuania) — Statistics Lithuania OSP — resident population by county and municipality — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- State Data Agency of Lithuania (Statistics Lithuania) and Employment Service — Statistics Lithuania / OSP — registered unemployment by county and municipality — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Statistics Austria — Population and citizenship by administrative unit, 1 January 2026 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Canada — Statistics Canada — Police-reported Crime Severity Index and crime rate, by census metropolitan area, 2024 — 40 source records; grades A, B; checked 2021-05-11 to 2026-07-26.
- Statistics Denmark — StatBank Denmark STRAF11 — reported criminal offences, municipality, all offence types — 3 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-26 to 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Denmark and official Danish public authorities — DK official material for crime_incidents_per_100k — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-18.
- Statistics Finland — Statistics Finland municipal offences recorded, table 13ex — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Statistics Netherlands (CBS) — CBS StatLine 83648NED — registered crime by municipality, total, 2024 — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-26 to 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Norway — Statistics Norway — offences reported to the police, national and Oslo comparator — same-period scope evidence repair — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Norway (SSB) — SSB 11342 ArealKm2 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-15.
- Statistics Poland — Population by territorial unit, 2021 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Poland, Statistical Office in Warsaw — Statistics Poland — Statistical Yearbook of Warsaw 2024, Table 1 (31) — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-16 to 2026-07-29.
- Statistics Sweden (SCB) — SCB labour-market variables by municipality, 2022–2024 — 4 source records; grades A, B; checked 2025-12-31 to 2026-07-29.
- STATISTIK AUSTRIA — STATISTIK AUSTRIA — Wirtschaftsatlas, Österreich und seine Bundesländer — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-29.
- Statistik Austria — Reproducible Gemeinde density from archived official population_total 2025-01-01 divided by official 2025 Gemeinde geometry area. — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2025-01-01.
- Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis) — 3 source records; grade A; checked 2026-08-03 to 2026-08-05.
- Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis) / Statistical Offices of the Länder — Zensus 2022 regional tables — Germany municipalities — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå) — Brå — reported offences by municipality, 2025 — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-07-26.
- U.S. Census Bureau (Population Estimates Program) — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-08-03.
- U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-08-03 to 2026-08-05.
- U.S. Census Bureau, TIGERweb Census 2020 — 2 source records; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.
- Unknown publisher — Information Technology and Communications Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania — 4 source records; grade A; checked 2026-08-04.
- Užimtumo tarnyba prie Lietuvos Respublikos socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministerijos — 1 source record; grade A; checked 2026-08-05.